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To analyze this problem, more than 350 sentences which were all chosen for their ideological character were collected in a database-like table. The next table column shows how the authors replaced those ideologically marked sentences with neutral ones. The great variety of possible replacements is staggering. The collected data may serve as a basis for further sociolinguistic and pragmatic studies on the so called newspeak, a quasi-language used for propaganda purposes in the Middle- and Eastern Europe under communist regimes.","pl":""},"lastPage":37,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/05/01_cirko.pdf","title":"Grammatikunterricht als Mittel der Indoktrinierung? Sprachliche Belege aus einer (nicht allzu fernen) Vergangenheit","title_en":"Grammar lessons as a means of indoctrination? Linguistic evidence from the not so remote past","type":"article","year":2016},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Lesław Cirko 18"},{"id":"08759a7e-d03e-5175-9df5-3312df1fabc4","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/05/03_gawel/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Agnieszka","lastName":"Gaweł","orcid":"0000-0002-0711-5658","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"5-3","editors":null,"firstPage":49,"issue":5,"keywords":{"de":["cognitive definition","cognitive linguistics","freedom","linguistic image of the world"],"en":["cognitive definition","cognitive linguistics","freedom","linguistic image of the world"],"pl":["cognitive definition","cognitive linguistics","freedom","linguistic image of the world"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"By means of the concept of a cognitive definition the cognitive ethnolinguistics is able to analyse the conceptual content activated by particular lexical units. In this paper we aim to reconstruct the cognitive definition of “freedom” on the basis of empirical data from German press articles. In the analysis we focus on identifying meaning and usage variants of the word “Freiheit” (engl. freedom) and compounds with the head -freiheit as well as conceptual categories which constitute the concepts of freedom typical of particular variants.","pl":""},"lastPage":73,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/05/03_gawel.pdf","title":"Kognitive Definitionen im Text und Diskurs. Ein Versuch der Rekonstruktion der kognitiven Definition von „Freiheit“ anhand des Materials aus deutschen Presseartikeln","title_en":"Cognitive definitions in text and discourse analysis. An attempt to reconstruct the cognitive definition of “freedom” on the basis of empirical data from German press articles","type":"article","year":2016},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Agnieszka Gaweł 19"},{"id":"180931d9-fba3-5441-9bf0-143d72007afc","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/05/04_gladrow/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Wolfgang","lastName":"Gladrow","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Deutschland","en":"Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany","pl":"Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Niemcy"}},{"firstName":"Tadeusz","lastName":"Zuchewicz","orcid":"0000-0003-4419-0507","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"5-4","editors":null,"firstPage":75,"issue":5,"keywords":{"de":["speech behavior","threat","intercultural communication","contrastive linguistics","Polish","German"],"en":["speech behavior","threat","intercultural communication","contrastive linguistics","Polish","German"],"pl":["speech behavior","threat","intercultural communication","contrastive linguistics","Polish","German"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The paper presents the analysis of the speech behaviour pattern of threat in German and Polish. In the first part of the paper, the general characteristics of the speech behaviour pattern of threat are given and their illocutions in terms of Natural Semantic Metalanguage are defined. Contrastive research is looked at from three different angles. First, from a structural point of view, main realization patterns of threat are described in different languages. Second, from the pragmatic point of view, it is considered whether and how the situations in which Germans and Poles use threats are different. And third, how to use threats in German and Polish is described using the method of the communicative-pragmatic field. The peculiarities of the field organization in these languages are discussed.","pl":""},"lastPage":94,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/05/04_gladrow.pdf","title":"Das Sprachhandlungsmuster Drohung im Deutschen und Polnischen: eine typologisch-vergleichende Analyse","title_en":"The speech behaviour pattern of threat in German and Polish: a typological-comparative analysis","type":"article","year":2016},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Wolfgang Gladrow 20 Tadeusz Zuchewicz 21"},{"id":"848e7ca5-738d-5528-90c7-a7e68feb2b85","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/05/02_feret/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Magdalena Z.","lastName":"Feret","orcid":"0000-0001-5558-7783","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"5-2","editors":null,"firstPage":39,"issue":5,"keywords":{"de":["metaphors","conceptual metaphor theory","personification","syntactic constructions"],"en":["metaphors","conceptual metaphor theory","personification","syntactic constructions"],"pl":["metaphors","conceptual metaphor theory","personification","syntactic constructions"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This paper concerns the approach by Taylor (2001) according to which some types of syntactic constructions are perceived as a kind of metaphor. First, the term “metaphor” is explained on the basis of the conceptual metaphor theory by Lakoff/Johnson (1980, 1999). In the next step, Taylor’s approach is introduced and the metaphorical view of syntactic constructions – according to Taylor’s ideas – discussed. Other approaches (e.g. Goschler 2008, Strietz 2007) are presented and discussed. There are concerned alternative ways of understanding and describing of the above mentioned phenomenon. Based on these results, the analysis of the selected examples is carried out.","pl":""},"lastPage":47,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/05/02_feret.pdf","title":"Zur Metaphorik ausgewählter syntaktischer Konstruktionen","title_en":"On the metaphorical view of selected syntactic constructions","type":"article","year":2016},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Magdalena Z. Feret 22"},{"id":"5b18ee0b-80f6-52a8-8af6-9a306e0a1c6c","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/05/05_golebiowski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Adam","lastName":"Gołębiowski","orcid":"0000-0003-2784-3705","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"5-5","editors":null,"firstPage":95,"issue":5,"keywords":{"de":["parentheticals","academic writing","contrastive linguistics"],"en":["parentheticals","academic writing","contrastive linguistics"],"pl":["parentheticals","academic writing","contrastive linguistics"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The present study analyses the use of parentheticals in German and Polish academic texts and discusses the foundations of future (more extensive) corpus-based analysis of this phenomenon in academic writing. The paper begins by briefly reviewing problems with defining and describing parentheticals in German and Polish grammars. Afterwards the typical features of parentheticals in both languages are presented. The final section discusses the use of these constructions in German and Polish academic writing (on the examples of philological texts).","pl":""},"lastPage":107,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/05/05_golebiowski.pdf","title":"Zum Gebrauch von Parenthesen in deutschen und polnischen wissenschaftlichen Texten","title_en":"Towards the use of parentheticals in German and Polish academic texts","type":"article","year":2016},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Adam Gołębiowski 23"},{"id":"b0bff982-62a9-593a-b3a9-d431f8d4efc1","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/05/06_nadolska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Marcelina","lastName":"Nadolska","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"5-6","editors":null,"firstPage":109,"issue":5,"keywords":{"de":["Konrad Duden’s life","Konrad Duden’s work","the reformer of the German writing system"],"en":["Konrad Duden’s life","Konrad Duden’s work","the reformer of the German writing system"],"pl":["Konrad Duden’s life","Konrad Duden’s work","the reformer of the German writing system"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This article investigates whether remembrance of Konrad Duden is kept alive by contemporary Germans and whether he still bears any importance to them. The article provides, first, some information on Duden’s life, the places in which he lived and worked and how these places look today. Secondly, the linguist’s activity in the towns Wesel, Soest, Schleiz and Bad Hersfeld is traced and documented. The last part of the article assesses living Germans’ knowledge of Duden and the associations his name evokes in them. In order to back the conclusions empirically the results of a questionnaire conducted among 100 people without philological education are presented. It can be showed that remembrance of Konrad Duden is still lively. It is particularly widespread at the places he had worked in and of significant importance outside. He is considered as the reformer of the German writing system who also strengthened the sense of unity in Germans.","pl":""},"lastPage":129,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/05/06_nadolska.pdf","title":"Memorialkultur um Konrad Duden in Deutschland","title_en":"Culture of memory of Konrad Duden in Germany","type":"article","year":2016},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Marcelina Nadolska 24"},{"id":"31b5b12a-6036-56bb-97be-a82201f04ff2","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/05/08_rogozinska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Marta","lastName":"Rogozińska","orcid":"0000-0003-1533-1577","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"5-8","editors":null,"firstPage":145,"issue":5,"keywords":{"de":["phonetic assimilations","spoken German","academic language","auditory perception","GeWiss corpus"],"en":["phonetic assimilations","spoken German","academic language","auditory perception","GeWiss corpus"],"pl":["phonetic assimilations","spoken German","academic language","auditory perception","GeWiss corpus"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The purpose of this paper is to describe some examples of phonetic assimilation in spoken academic German. The study is based on orthographic transcriptions of talks including discussions made by German native speakers. The linguistic data are taken from the GeWiss corpus, which provides audio recordings and transcriptions of academic communications. The research organizations involved were the Herder Institute at the University of Leipzig, Wrocław University and Aston University in Birmingham.","pl":""},"lastPage":160,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/05/08_rogozinska.pdf","title":"Assimilationstendenzen in Konferenzvorträgen. Eine korpusbasierte Studie","title_en":"Assimilation trends in academic talks. 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It will be shown that the internal structure of the agreement phrase affects the possibilities of subject interpretation and thus also the communicative function of a given sentence in different ways. In light of this result the syntactic bundle of features in the agreement phrase are investigated which in particular factual circumstances allow to interpret the subject as agent. The departure point is the notion of default value (DV). DV is assumed to control the possibilities of subject interpretation at the communicative level. The analysis is based on the rules of the Principles and Parameters framework as well as the Minimalist Program by Chomsky.","pl":""},"lastPage":144,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/05/07_pilarski.pdf","title":"Zum kommunikativen Aspekt von „Default Value“ im Polnischen","title_en":"The communicative aspect of “default value” in Polish","type":"article","year":2016},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Anna Pilarski 26"},{"id":"507c78b5-6f58-53ea-8f68-c46c91593306","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/05/09_smulczynski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Michał","lastName":"Smułczyński","orcid":"0000-0003-3699-4724","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"5-9","editors":null,"firstPage":161,"issue":5,"keywords":{"de":["semantic valency","motion verbs","didactics","translation","German","Danish"],"en":["semantic valency","motion verbs","didactics","translation","German","Danish"],"pl":["semantic valency","motion verbs","didactics","translation","German","Danish"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The analysis of the semantic valency is without a doubt very important especially for the didactics and translation. The article is an investigation of contrasts, which touch upon semantic valency of German and Danish motion verbs. The analyzed material consists of verbs, which have the same syntactic valency but differ in semantic valency. The analysis is focused on differences related to contrasts in semantic restrictions and semantic roles.","pl":""},"lastPage":179,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/05/09_smulczynski.pdf","title":"Einige Bemerkungen zur semantischen Valenz der deutschen und dänischen Bewegungsverben","title_en":"Some comments on the semantic valency of German and Danish motion verbs","type":"article","year":2016},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Michał Smułczyński 27"},{"id":"c69a30d5-2dfa-5da7-a2f0-49ef84240270","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/05/11_pilarski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Anna","lastName":"Pilarski","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"5-11","editors":null,"firstPage":203,"issue":5,"keywords":{"de":["generative syntax","Principles und Parameters 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28"},{"id":"367bef8a-f49e-53f1-b620-906eb1bda021","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/05/12_rogozinska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Marta","lastName":"Rogozińska","orcid":"0000-0003-1533-1577","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"5-12","editors":null,"firstPage":217,"issue":5,"keywords":{"de":["GeWiss corpus (https://gewiss.uni-leipzig.de/)","spoken German / Polish / English","academic language","science"],"en":["GeWiss corpus (https://gewiss.uni-leipzig.de/)","spoken German / Polish / English","academic language","science"],"pl":["GeWiss corpus (https://gewiss.uni-leipzig.de/)","spoken German / Polish / English","academic language","science"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"","pl":""},"lastPage":227,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/05/12_rogozinska.pdf","title":"Zu methodologischen Grundlagen 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Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"5-10","editors":null,"firstPage":181,"issue":5,"keywords":{"de":["olfactory and auditory perception","sense hierarchy","basic (color) terms","onomatopoeia"],"en":["olfactory and auditory perception","sense hierarchy","basic (color) terms","onomatopoeia"],"pl":["olfactory and auditory perception","sense hierarchy","basic (color) terms","onomatopoeia"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Concerning the Aristotelian hierarchy of the senses, hearing as the higher sense should be lexically diversified and rich in the basic terms, as the visual modality is. This paper suggests that, on the contrary, auditory perception is very limited in this respect and resembles olfaction. Even the onomatopoetic expressions, which could be viewed as a sign of lexical richness of hearing, should be regarded a mere source reference strategy.","pl":""},"lastPage":200,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/05/10_staniewski.pdf","title":"Hör- und Geruchswahrnehmungen im Deutschen und Polnischen – ein sprachlicher Vergleich und dessen theoretisch-methodologische Implikationen","title_en":"Comparison of auditory and olfactory expressions in German and Polish and its theoretical and methodological implications","type":"article","year":2016},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Przemysław Staniewski 31"},{"id":"b1130ea3-eb68-58ac-a9ca-becbe04f0695","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/02/01_baranski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Jacek","lastName":"Barański","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński 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The Giant Mountains (also known as the Riesengebirge or Karkonosze) are the highest mountain range in Silesia and Bohemia. Their topography, the history of their settlement and development as well as that of tourism in their region are briefly presented in the introductory part of this contribution. A particular focus is on the role of Śnieżka (Schneekoppe), a popular destination of excursions during the periodic linguistic conferences in Karpacz (Krummhübel). The draft also discusses the history of touristic development of this mountain and the descriptions of Śnieżka (Schneekoppe) in selected literary works from between the 18th and 20th centuries. In the section of text that follows selected descriptions of the Giant Mountains from the end of 18th century are recalled, contained either in academic works or in journey accounts. What was important here was to trace the works of Swiss authors which were imitated by the Silesian ones. 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The author discusses differences in the scientific accuracy of both disciplines. The main argument is that linguistics can only examine that part of poetics, that can be described using strict scientific methods. Poetics as a theory which has to explain the essence of ‘poetry’ in fact interprets the texts in terms of aesthetics. This area cannot be examined via linguistic methods. To understand poetry, a special sensitivity, which linguists sometimes call ‘poetic ability’, is needed.","pl":""},"lastPage":41,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/02_cirko.pdf","title":"Dichtung und Wahrheit sind nicht zu vermengen. Überlegungen zur linguistischen Perspektive auf die Poetik","title_en":"Poetry and truth cannot be blended! Reflections on the linguistic perspective on poetics","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Lesław Cirko 60"},{"id":"6386af52-1300-5298-b339-f48e3a0dc4ca","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/03_schatte/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Christoph","lastName":"Schatte","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-3","editors":null,"firstPage":43,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["orthography","adverbial syntagmas","word classes","disjunction","adjunction"],"en":["orthography","adverbial syntagmas","word classes","disjunction","adjunction"],"pl":["orthography","adverbial syntagmas","word classes","disjunction","adjunction"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The paper deals with the consequences of the German orthography reform for the morphology and syntax on the example of phrases such as heute Morgen, gestern Abend etc. The question if orthography can take precedence over grammar will be discussed as well.","pl":""},"lastPage":47,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/03_schatte.pdf","title":"Nomina in Adverbialsyntagmen nach der Orthographiereform","title_en":"Nouns in adverbial syntagmas after the German orthography reform","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Christoph Schatte 61"},{"id":"ef66968e-a078-5ca1-a7de-f56f5695b8c9","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/05_gaworski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Ireneusz","lastName":"Gaworski","orcid":"0000-0002-4593-6780","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-5","editors":null,"firstPage":65,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["Polish-German comparative analysis","feminist linguistics","language system","verbal communication","stilistics"],"en":["Polish-German comparative analysis","feminist linguistics","language system","verbal communication","stilistics"],"pl":["Polish-German comparative analysis","feminist linguistics","language system","verbal communication","stilistics"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The so called feminist trend appeared in the area of linguistic studies in the seventies of the twentieth century in Anglo-Saxon countries. Its most important objectives are: analyzing the characteristics of the language used by women, the description of the symptoms of women discrimination in different language systems and in verbal communication and the struggle for gender equality in the broadsense of linguistic context. The interpretation of some studies and some assumptions are controversial as they ignore the system differences between given languages and they overlook some crucial historic, cultural and stylistic aspects of verbal communication. The paper presents a brief review of the condition of the research into feminist linguistics based on the comparative analysis of German and Polish languages.","pl":""},"lastPage":84,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/05_gaworski.pdf","title":"Diskriminierung der Geschlechter in und durch Sprache – Kontroversen um die feministische Linguistik am Beispiel Deutsch-Polnisch","title_en":"Gender Discrimination in Language – Controversies over Feminist Linguistics on the Basis of German and Polish","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Ireneusz Gaworski 62"},{"id":"8b2a5923-d377-563f-9d0f-ff158cf66d14","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/07_plinta/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Magdalena","lastName":"Plinta","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-7","editors":null,"firstPage":99,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["Table of content","German and Polish handbooks","academic writing","norm"],"en":["Table of content","German and Polish handbooks","academic writing","norm"],"pl":["Table of content","German and Polish handbooks","academic writing","norm"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Handbooks for academic writing are specific to a given language. However, one thing remains standard. No matter what language a piece of text is written in, a table of contents, whether it is placed at the beginning or at the end of a piece, will always be included in various kinds of academic writing. This article will compare Polish and German methods of constructing tables of content. The patterns for constructing a table of contents are outlined by norms and standards which are set and followed by each country. In Poland they are known as PN (Polish Norm) and in Germany as DIN (Deutsche Industrie Norm-German Norm). International norms are known as ISO (International Organization for Standarization) and then in Europe as EN (European Norm). In general, norms set for constructing table of contents do not illustrate a particular or set way of doing so. In this paper 50 German and 50 Polish table of contents from handbooks for academic writing will be compared, in order to analyse what specific differences appear between these two different cultures and if the chosen norm has in any way benefited the author.","pl":""},"lastPage":109,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/07_plinta.pdf","title":"Inhaltsverzeichnisse in deutschen und polnischen Ratgebern für das Fach Akademisches Schreiben","title_en":"Table of contents in German and Polish handbooks for academic writing","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Magdalena Plinta 63"},{"id":"c6ce10d6-b1b3-5aca-86e4-e56b0c3a96ea","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/08_rojek/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Tomasz","lastName":"Rojek","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-8","editors":null,"firstPage":111,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["conditional relevance","turn","sequence","conventionalism","illocution"],"en":["conditional relevance","turn","sequence","conventionalism","illocution"],"pl":["conditional relevance","turn","sequence","conventionalism","illocution"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"One of the main problems in the linguistic analysis of conversations constitutes the determination of their components (which can be identified formally, semantically and/or functionally), the sequence of this components and hierarchical relations between them. Generally one can distinguish two leading approaches: one based on the ethnomethodology, and one on the speech act theory. The latter approach is founded upon the conventionalism J. L. Austin’s speech act theory, which levels differences between institutional and everyday (direct) conversations and determines considerably the definitions of the basic categories of conversational analysis. The aim of the present article is to point out some problematic issues, which are entailed by the conventionalist perspective and which concern two basic conversation units – turn and sequence.","pl":""},"lastPage":123,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/08_rojek.pdf","title":"Gesprächsschritt und Gesprächssequenz – Probleme der Gliederung von direkten Alltagsgesprächen in Phasenmodellen","title_en":"Turn and Sequence – Problems of the Organization of Ordinary Direct Conversations in the Phase-Models","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Tomasz Rojek 64"},{"id":"4d978865-8411-5827-a46d-c62126aada48","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/06_pittner/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Karin","lastName":"Pittner","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland","en":"Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany","pl":"Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Niemcy"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-6","editors":null,"firstPage":85,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["quoting","referring","student’s papers","students of German literary studies"],"en":["quoting","referring","student’s papers","students of German literary studies"],"pl":["quoting","referring","student’s papers","students of German literary studies"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The paper investigates the forms and functions of quoting and referring in a corpus of 25 papers written by students of German literary studies. Some difficulties the students encounter when incorporating the quotations into their papers are pointed out.","pl":""},"lastPage":97,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/06_pittner.pdf","title":"Zitieren und Verweisen in studentischen Arbeiten – Formen, Funktionen und Fallstricke","title_en":"Quoting and referring in student's papers - forms, functions, perils","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Karin Pittner 65"},{"id":"f9282e59-faf8-5861-8813-1acde0dfee5b","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/04_golebiowski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Adam","lastName":"Gołębiowski","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-4","editors":null,"firstPage":49,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["nominal style","academic writing","contrastive linguistics"],"en":["nominal style","academic writing","contrastive linguistics"],"pl":["nominal style","academic writing","contrastive linguistics"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This paper presents the features of the nominal style in German academic texts and it discusses the parameters of a comparative investigations of this phenomenon in German and Polish academic writing (by examples of philological texts). The aim of this study is to create theoretical foundations of corpus-based analysis of the nominal style in German and Polish texts. This paper begins by defining academic texts as a subject of linguistic investigation. The next section presents the typical features of the nominal style in German and Polish. Section 4 investigates the question, why the nominal style is criticized in the stylistics and in the next section the importance of the nominal style in academic texts is presented.","pl":""},"lastPage":64,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/04_golebiowski.pdf","title":"Zum Nominalstil in der Wissenschaftssprache","title_en":"The nominal style in the academic writing","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Adam Gołębiowski 66"},{"id":"9c7ab981-6e03-5830-b2da-5a838f823076","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/10_duch-adamczyk/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Justyna","lastName":"Duch-Adamczyk","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-10","editors":null,"firstPage":141,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["pragmatic phrasemes","conversational formulae","interviews"],"en":["pragmatic phrasemes","conversational formulae","interviews"],"pl":["pragmatic phrasemes","conversational formulae","interviews"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"A certain kind of routine and fixed phrases such as pragmatic phrasemes are characteristic for everyday oral communication. They may facilitate fulfilling specific pragmatic functions such as opening and closing the conversation or changing the subject in order to make the communication easier. The paper is primarily concerned with pragmatic phrasemes and precisely with conversational formulae. The article presents theoretical basis and classification of the chosen phrasemes. Secondly, the selected formulae have been analyzed for their pragmatic functions in radio interviews.","pl":""},"lastPage":152,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/10_duch-adamczyk.pdf","title":"Funktionen pragmatischer Phraseologismen in Rundfunkinterviews","title_en":"Functions of pragmatic phrasemes in radio interviews","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Justyna Duch-Adamczyk 67"},{"id":"a7a614a2-1304-5860-8d42-aeb5e5329a4b","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/11_dolinska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Justyna","lastName":"Dolińska","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Deutschland","en":"Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Germany","pl":"Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Niemcy"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-11","editors":null,"firstPage":153,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["directional element","adverb","phrasal verb","incorporation"],"en":["directional element","adverb","phrasal verb","incorporation"],"pl":["directional element","adverb","phrasal verb","incorporation"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This article characterizes constructions such as “durch den Wald durch”. Thy are semantic directional elements. In the literature different answers are proposed as to the meanings of these constructions, as well as their semantic relevance. Grammars treat these constructions as circumposition, postposition, adverb or affix. The answer is important for didactics.","pl":""},"lastPage":161,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/11_dolinska.pdf","title":"Inkorporierte Direktionale","title_en":"Incorporated directional elements","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Justyna Dolińska 68"},{"id":"e87187ac-699b-535a-b580-cc3ca59e01fd","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/12_smulczynski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Michał","lastName":"Smułczyński","orcid":"0000-0003-3699-4724","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-12","editors":null,"firstPage":163,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["Danish","German","the auxiliary verb få","(germ.) Interessent-construction"],"en":["Danish","German","the auxiliary verb få","(germ.) Interessent-construction"],"pl":["Danish","German","the auxiliary verb få","(germ.) Interessent-construction"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The aim of the following paper is to show the ways of expressing the Danish Interresent-construction with “få”. Another important aim of the article is to show the differences between the Interessent-construction and two other Danish constructions with “få” as an auxiliary verb. These discrepancies are only of semantic nature and affect the semantic functions of subjects.","pl":""},"lastPage":167,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/12_smulczynski.pdf","title":"Die dänische Interessent-Konstruktion mit „få“ und ihre Äquivalente im Deutschen","title_en":"The Danisch (germ.) Interresent-construction with “få” and its equivalents in German","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Michał Smułczyński 69"},{"id":"13d90b99-96f9-5c7a-bf42-55bc2fe40b13","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/13_olak/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Andrzej","lastName":"Olak","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno-Ekonomiczna im. ks. Bronisława Markiewicza w Jarosławiu, Polen","en":"Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno-Ekonomiczna im. ks. Bronisława Markiewicza w Jarosławiu, Poland","pl":"Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno-Ekonomiczna im. ks. Bronisława Markiewicza w Jarosławiu, Polska"}},{"firstName":"Katarzyna","lastName":"Wędrychowicz","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno-Ekonomiczna im. ks. Bronisława Markiewicza w Jarosławiu, Polen","en":"Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno-Ekonomiczna im. ks. Bronisława Markiewicza w Jarosławiu, Poland","pl":"Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Techniczno-Ekonomiczna im. ks. Bronisława Markiewicza w Jarosławiu, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-13","editors":null,"firstPage":169,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["language","communication","specialised communication","specialised texts"],"en":["language","communication","specialised communication","specialised texts"],"pl":["language","communication","specialised communication","specialised texts"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Currently, six to seven thousand languages are used all over the world (Slavic, Baltic, Germanic, Romanic, Hellenic etc.). Within a given language we can distinguish different variants of the so-called general language, which we need to communicate (it is enough to know about 1500 words, phrases to communicate in communication situations in a given language), as well as specialised vocabulary characteristic of a given sphere of life. The main task of specialised language is to organise, define and classify the described reality. Specialised languages do not form separate language systems, because to describe specialised knowledge we also use lexical resources of general language. Texts containing technical vocabulary are written in a different style than literary texts and general-knowledge books. You need to be a specialist in a given field, to understand specialised vocabulary. The article aims at showing the most important elements making up effective interpersonal communication with the help of German and Polish language of business.","pl":""},"lastPage":181,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/13_olak.pdf","title":"Deutsch und Polnisch als Managementsprache – Barrieren und Erleichterungen in der Kommunikation","title_en":"German and Polish as business languages – barriers and facilitators of communication","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Andrzej Olak 70 Katarzyna Wędrychowicz 71"},{"id":"45924bdb-db98-5547-8db4-348d76fc3933","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/09_pozlewicz/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Agnieszka","lastName":"Poźlewicz","orcid":"0000-0002-2607-0811","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-9","editors":null,"firstPage":125,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["emphasis","lexemes","phrases","German syntax and pragmatic","parliamentary speech"],"en":["emphasis","lexemes","phrases","German syntax and pragmatic","parliamentary speech"],"pl":["emphasis","lexemes","phrases","German syntax and pragmatic","parliamentary speech"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article deals with lexemes and lexicalized phrases used in German to emphasise such elements in the text as a word, a phrase, a clause or the whole utterance. The analysed data consists of extracts from parliamentary speeches in Bundestag. The article aims mainly at examining emphasizing lexemes and phrases from the syntactic and pragmatic perspectives in order to elaborate their preliminary subclassification.","pl":""},"lastPage":139,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/09_pozlewicz.pdf","title":"Expositionsmittel des Deutschen am Beispiel von Parlamentsreden","title_en":"The means of textual emphasis in German on the example of parliamentary speeches","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Agnieszka Poźlewicz 72"},{"id":"ef7f2919-959a-56cf-807a-859c150bc73d","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/14_seidel/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Sandra","lastName":"Seidel","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-14","editors":null,"firstPage":183,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["Silesian dialect","Polisch language","German language","loan words"],"en":["Silesian dialect","Polisch language","German language","loan words"],"pl":["Silesian dialect","Polisch language","German language","loan words"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article entitled “German loan words in the Silesian dialect and in the Polish language. A quantitative and qualitative analysis on the basis of lexicon of the German loan words in the Polish language” analyses the lexicon of the German loan words in the Polish language in terms of the influence of German loan words in the Polish language on the Silesian dialect (Silesian dialect of the Opolskie Voivodeship in the Krapkowice and Głogówek district). The first table presents words from the lexicon which are more frequently used in the Silesian dialect than in the Polish language and whose German origin is noticeable. The second table juxtaposes words which have other equivalents or different meanings in the Silesian dialect. The third table lists the remaining words which despite their German origin either are absent from the Silesian dialect or they have been assimilated into the Polish language and they are not perceived as words of German origin.","pl":""},"lastPage":209,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/14_seidel.pdf","title":"Deutsche Lehnwörter im schlesischen Dialekt und in der polnischen Sprache. Eine quantitative und qualitative Untersuchung anhand des Lexikons der deutschen Lehnwörter in der polnischen Sprache","title_en":"German loan words in the Silesian dialect and in the Polish language. A quantitative and qualitative analysis on the basis of lexicon of the German loan words in the Polish language","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Sandra Seidel 73"},{"id":"964f9207-d37b-59b9-b885-ee383f12d7db","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/04/15_ankenbrand/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Katrin","lastName":"Ankenbrand","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-05-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":null,"id":"4-15","editors":null,"firstPage":211,"issue":4,"keywords":{"de":["the most beautiful German word","contest in Poland"],"en":["the most beautiful German word","contest in Poland"],"pl":["the most beautiful German word","contest in Poland"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article is about the nationwide ‘the most beautiful German word’ contest in Poland. The contest was organised in summer 2015 by the author of this article, in her role as the Lektor of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) at the German Department of the University of Wrocław, in collaboration with the cultural manager of the DSKG. All speakers of German as a foreign language in Poland were invited to participate in this contest by sending a word they personally considered the most beautiful, along with a short explanation of their choice. More than 200 wonderful texts were sent. This article gives an overview over the organisation of the contest and the corpus of all the texts which have been compiled in a book.","pl":""},"lastPage":228,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/04/15_ankenbrand.pdf","title":"Der polenweite Wettbewerb zum schönsten deutschen Wort","title_en":"The nationwide ‘the most beautiful German word’ contest in Poland","type":"article","year":2015},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Katrin Ankenbrand 74"},{"id":"aefa94dc-c2c4-5d79-b895-fbc026e479c9","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/07/03_feret/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Magdalena Z.","lastName":"Feret","orcid":"0000-0001-5558-7783","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-02T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.7-3","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":45,"issue":7,"keywords":{"de":["noun phrase","determiner","demonstratives","jener"],"en":["noun phrase","determiner","demonstratives","jener"],"pl":["noun phrase","determiner","demonstratives","jener"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This paper is a study of the meaning and use of the demonstrative jener in the contemporary German. The aim of this paper is to perform a corpus analysis of selected excerpts from texts including noun phrases with the demonstrative jener. All the examples are extracted from online versions of the weekly newspaper „Die Zeit“ published in 2018. The analysis carried out in this article intends to investigate how often and in what sense the demonstrative jener is currently in use.","pl":""},"lastPage":56,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/07/03_feret.pdf","title":"Was markiert „jener“?","title_en":"What designates the demonstrative “jener”?","type":"article","year":2018},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Magdalena Z. Feret 75"},{"id":"ecdcdb05-0511-5974-a8c4-7c8464d8b627","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/07/02_feret/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Andrzej S.","lastName":"Feret","orcid":"0000-0002-5014-602X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-02T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.7-2","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":31,"issue":7,"keywords":{"de":["loanwords","language sound","elision","German-Polish contrastive studies"],"en":["loanwords","language sound","elision","German-Polish contrastive studies"],"pl":["loanwords","language sound","elision","German-Polish contrastive studies"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The aim of the present paper is to disscuss the elision of language sounds in loanwords transferred from German into Polish in the 20th century. Only those loanwords of German origin are examined whose time of transfer into Polish could be clearly indicated and whose  etymology could be found.","pl":""},"lastPage":43,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/07/02_feret.pdf","title":"Tilgung von Sprachlauten in den lexikalischen Entlehnungen aus dem Deutschen ins Polnische des 20. Jahrhunderts","title_en":"Elision of language sounds in loanwords of German origin in the Polish language of the 20th century","type":"article","year":2018},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Andrzej S. Feret 76"},{"id":"dbdcfabe-6f99-563d-9c4b-16a4840ca01d","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/07/01_ehrenmueller/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Jürgen","lastName":"Ehrenmüller","orcid":"0000-0003-2645-8813","affiliation":{"de":"Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Tschechische Republik","en":"Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Czech Republic","pl":"Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, Czechy"}}],"date":"2021-04-02T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.7-1","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":7,"issue":7,"keywords":{"de":["phraseology","phraseologism","Austrian standard German","Austriacism, pluricentrism"],"en":["phraseology","phraseologism","Austrian standard German","Austriacism, pluricentrism"],"pl":["phraseology","phraseologism","Austrian standard German","Austriacism, pluricentrism"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The goal of this article is to analyse which idiomatic phraseologisms of the conceptual domain ‘game’ in the contemporary German standard language can be considered as ‘Austriacisms’ and how they are marked in a diatopic sense. First, the paper provides an overview of research on Austrian phraseology. Then, the term ‘Austrian phraseologism’ is defined. Finally, the paper discusses research on diatopic markers of Austrian phraseologisms. The article also explores a pluricentric approach to the game-phraseologisms present in the contemporary German standard language from the point of view of Austrian standard variety of German. It also shows how these phraseologisms can be analysed in the context of the concept of German as a pluricentric language.","pl":""},"lastPage":29,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/07/01_ehrenmueller.pdf","title":"Wie viel steht auf dem oder am Spiel? Diatopische Markiertheit von konventionalisierten Spielphraseologismen am Beispiel des österreichischen Deutsch","title_en":"How much is auf dem Spiel or am Spiel? Diatopic marking of conventionalised game-phraseologisms depicted on the example of the Austrian Standard German","type":"article","year":2018},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Jürgen Ehrenmüller 77"},{"id":"e6042c74-284d-5ef3-ba3d-9b43fa9dbcf6","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/07/04_kotorova/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Elizaveta","lastName":"Kotorova","orcid":"0000-0003-3597-0077","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Polska"}},{"firstName":"Tadeusz","lastName":"Zuchewicz","orcid":"0000-0003-4419-0507","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-02T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.7-4","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":57,"issue":7,"keywords":{"de":["speech behaviour pattern","proposal","German","Polish","contrastive analysis","intercultural communication"],"en":["speech behaviour pattern","proposal","German","Polish","contrastive analysis","intercultural communication"],"pl":["speech behaviour pattern","proposal","German","Polish","contrastive analysis","intercultural communication"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The present paper aims to describe the speech behaviour pattern of PROPOSAL in German and Polish. The term “speech behaviour pattern” refers to the purposeful verbal behaviour. The illocutionary content of PROPOSAL is determined in accordance with the theory of semantic primes. The contrastive analysis has the following three aspects. First, typical implementation forms of this speech behaviour pattern are described in both languages. Then, their use in concrete functional and communicative contexts is exemplified. Finally, the composition of the communicative-pragmatic field of PROPOSAL is analysed in German and Polish. Particular attention is given to the central and peripheral forms of implementation as well as to the similarities and differences in the formulation of utterances expressing PROPOSAL in German and Polish.","pl":""},"lastPage":87,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/07/04_kotorova.pdf","title":"Vorschlag als Sprachhandlungsmuster: Methodologie der kontrastiven Analyse am Beispiel des deutsch-polnischen Sprachvergleichs","title_en":"The speech behaviour pattern of PROPOSAL: Methodology of contrastive analysis presented on the example of the German-Polish language comparison","type":"article","year":2018},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Elizaveta Kotorova 78 Tadeusz Zuchewicz 79"},{"id":"d4719f18-da42-525a-a5b5-1305fb874b30","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/07/05_owsinski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Piotr A.","lastName":"Owsiński","orcid":"0000-0001-7862-3345","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-02T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.7-5","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":89,"issue":7,"keywords":{"de":["council","New High German","charter","unstressed syllables"],"en":["council","New High German","charter","unstressed syllables"],"pl":["council","New High German","charter","unstressed syllables"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article presents a linguistic analysis of a charter from the 17th century entitled “Wilkierz dla wsi klasztoru Panny Marji w Kartuzach” published by Stanisław Kutrzeba and Alfons Mańkowski in 1938 in “Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej, volume 11”. The text of an unknown scrivener was written in New High German in the Silesian dialect, which can be proved on the basis of the legal notation. The author shows the results of his analysis demonstrating the stage of the development of the vowels in the unstressed syllables with the appropriate examples.","pl":""},"lastPage":103,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/07/05_owsinski.pdf","title":"Zum Nebensilbenvokalismus als Reflex des Entwicklungsstandes der deutschen Sprache im 17. Jahrhundert","title_en":"On the vocalism of the unstressed syllables as a reflection of the development of the German language in the 17th century","type":"article","year":2018},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Piotr A. Owsiński 80"},{"id":"11741ed7-abab-5d76-8283-8094e3461ee3","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/07/06_rogozinska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Marta","lastName":"Rogozińska","orcid":"0000-0003-1533-1577","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-02T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.7-6","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":105,"issue":7,"keywords":{"de":["marked intonation","case study","spoken academic language","GeWiss corpus"],"en":["marked intonation","case study","spoken academic language","GeWiss corpus"],"pl":["marked intonation","case study","spoken academic language","GeWiss corpus"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The purpose of this paper is to describe so-called “marked” intonation. What this means is that the intonation contour is indicated by a sharply rising pitch. This is a case study that focuses on the forms and functions of that type of rising intonation patterns which occur not in questions (interrogative mood) but in statements (indicative mood). The linguistic data consists of audio recording and transcriptions taken from the GeWiss, a comparative corpus of spoken academic language. The analysis shows that intonation contours are not subordinate to grammar and that they do not depend on modality.","pl":""},"lastPage":120,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/07/06_rogozinska.pdf","title":"Markierte Intonation im wissenschaftlichen Vortrag. Eine Fallstudie","title_en":"Marked intonation in spoken academic presentation. A case study","type":"article","year":2018},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Marta Rogozińska 81"},{"id":"656a3f8a-74a2-5076-890c-96806261dc83","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/07/08_wlosowicz/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Teresa Maria","lastName":"Włosowicz","orcid":"0000-0001-8767-9332","affiliation":{"de":"Akademia WSB w Dąbrowie Górniczej, Polen","en":"Akademia WSB w Dąbrowie Górniczej, Poland","pl":"Akademia WSB w Dąbrowie Górniczej, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-02T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.7-8","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":145,"issue":7,"keywords":{"de":["dialect translation","neologisms","preserving the style"],"en":["dialect translation","neologisms","preserving the style"],"pl":["dialect translation","neologisms","preserving the style"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The purpose of the present study is to analysis of the techniques applied by the translators of David Mitchell’s novel “Cloud Atlas” into Polish, German, French, Spanish, and Portuguese while translating the artificial dialect used in the chapter “Sloosha’s Crossin’ an’ Ev’rythin’ After”. The plot of that chapter is set in a distant future, after the fall of humanity. The narrator is a goatherd whose dialect can be described, on the one hand, as simplified, partly distorted English and, on the other hand, as an exotic dialect which contains neologisms referring to fictional species, culture-specific terms, etc. Special attention is paid to the translation of neologisms as well as to the rendering of the original style. As the results show, the translators used a number of techniques, especially lexicalization, colloquialisation and rusticalisation, adapting the dialect as much as possible to the morphologies of the target languages in order to preserve the style of the chapter as well as to achieve the appropriate effect on the TL readers. In fact, as the dialect is artificial, the translators were able to approach it in a creative way, without the risk that the dialect would be associated with a particular geographic region.","pl":""},"lastPage":161,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/07/08_wlosowicz.pdf","title":"Die Übersetzung eines künstlichen Dialekts im Roman David Mitchells „Der Wolkenatlas“ („Cloud Atlas“)","title_en":"The translation of an artificial dialect in David Mitchell’s novel “Cloud Atlas”","type":"article","year":2018},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Teresa Maria Włosowicz 82"},{"id":"54be26ed-64e6-5aa7-b229-af9494dddf49","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/07/07_szatmari/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Petra","lastName":"Szatmári","orcid":"0000-0003-2263-1631","affiliation":{"de":"Károli-Gáspár-Universität, Ungarn","en":"Károli-Gáspár-Universität, Hungary","pl":"Károli-Gáspár-Universität, Węgry"}}],"date":"2021-04-02T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.7-7","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":121,"issue":7,"keywords":{"de":["weather verbs","primary valence","valence enhancement"],"en":["weather verbs","primary valence","valence enhancement"],"pl":["weather verbs","primary valence","valence enhancement"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"As a result of grammaticalisation processes, within various constructions the pronoun es could establish itself as the subject of these constructions. Amongst them, verbs describing the weather constitute a rather small and semantically defined verb subclass. The es-subject is regarded as a peripheral subject realisation with an abstract meaning. Since the ‘weather’ verbs are a verb group firmly anchored in the German verb system, analogous to other constructions, their primary valence varies too. The valence enhancement, i.e. the two- or multi-digit usage, allows the ‘weather’ verbs to be used as verbs of visual perception, verbs of movement, and verba dicendi. Based on the verb regnen ‘to rain’, the article more closely examines the synchronous variability of its valence.","pl":""},"lastPage":144,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/07/07_szatmari.pdf","title":"Es regnete Anfragen und ehe er sich's versah, schneite ihm eine Überraschung ins Haus. Zur synchronen Variierbarkeit der Valenz der Witterungsverben","title_en":"Es regnete Anfragen und ehe er sich's versah, schneite ihm eine Überraschung ins Haus. The synchronous variability of the valence of ‘weather’ verbs","type":"article","year":2018},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Petra Szatmári 83"},{"id":"66d5c4fc-e720-5b0e-bcb9-964c92a5b9f1","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/06/03_feret/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Andrzej S.","lastName":"Feret","orcid":"0000-0002-5014-602X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-12T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.6-3","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":35,"issue":6,"keywords":{"de":["loanwords","etymology","German-Polish contrastive studies"],"en":["loanwords","etymology","German-Polish contrastive studies"],"pl":["loanwords","etymology","German-Polish contrastive studies"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The aim of the present paper is the semantic classification of borrowings transferred from German into Polish which are listed in selected etymological dictionaries. Only those loans of German origin are examined whose time of transfer and etymology were clearly indicated. The paper takes into account only words which were borrowed in the 20th century.","pl":""},"lastPage":51,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/06/03_feret.pdf","title":"Ein Vorschlag der semantischen Klassifizierung von den lexikalischen Entlehnungen aus dem Deutschen ins Polnische des 20. Jahrhunderts","title_en":"A proposal of a semantic classification of loanwords of German origin in the Polish language of the 20th century","type":"article","year":2017},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Andrzej S. Feret 84"},{"id":"7d5d7842-a3b9-5a8d-b8eb-ffd46e0870b5","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/06/01_cirko/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Lesław","lastName":"Cirko","orcid":"0000-0003-1203-4382","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-12T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.6-1","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":7,"issue":6,"keywords":{"de":["verbal phrases in German and Polish","grammatical categories","syntactic analysis","academic writing"],"en":["verbal phrases in German and Polish","grammatical categories","syntactic analysis","academic writing"],"pl":["verbal phrases in German and Polish","grammatical categories","syntactic analysis","academic writing"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This paper presents the results of a corpus-based comparison of verbal phrases in German and Polish scientific texts. Describing the verb and its dependent elements is an important step-leading to better comprehension and more effective syntactic analysis of a sentence. The distribution of grammatical categories such as person, number, tense, mood and voice, will be discussed in order to show their specific functions in the scientific texts in both languages. Special attention will be paid to how different views of the world are expressed in the texts, due to the inflexion discrepancies in German and Polish tradition of academic writing.","pl":""},"lastPage":19,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/06/01_cirko.pdf","title":"Verbalphrase im deutschen und im polnischen Expertentext (am Beispiel philologischer Aufsätze)","title_en":"Verbal phrases in German and Polish scientific texts (illustrated by the example of philological papers)","type":"article","year":2017},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Lesław Cirko 85"},{"id":"9c9fbc28-3013-5c77-ad4f-52689cb3bc3d","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/06/05_gaworski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Ireneusz","lastName":"Gaworski","orcid":"0000-0002-4593-6780","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-12T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.6-5","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":67,"issue":6,"keywords":{"de":["historical German syntax","early-new High German","sentence bracket","Nachfeld field"],"en":["historical German syntax","early-new High German","sentence bracket","Nachfeld field"],"pl":["historical German syntax","early-new High German","sentence bracket","Nachfeld field"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This article presents the results of a diachronic analysis of German Protestant funeral sermons which were published in the period from the mid-16th to the early 19th century. It analyses verb-final sentences in which more than one item with the same syntactic function appears in the Nachfeld field, i.e. to the right of the finite verb form. The aim was to examine (i) how this topological structure was manifested, (ii) which parts of the sentence occurred in it, (iii) how its development proceeded in the surveyed period (quantitative aspect), and (iv) what its purpose was.","pl":""},"lastPage":101,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/06/05_gaworski.pdf","title":"Mehrfache syntaktisch gleiche Nachfeldbesetzung und ihre Funktionen – Ergebnisse einer diachronen Analyse religiöser Texte","title_en":"Different types of elements occurring in the “Nachfeld” field and their functions – the results of a diachronic analysis of German religious texts","type":"article","year":2017},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Ireneusz Gaworski 86"},{"id":"a8080a3e-80ac-505d-8fb3-d222bdd6933f","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/06/04_feret/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Magdalena Z.","lastName":"Feret","orcid":"0000-0001-5558-7783","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-12T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.6-4","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":54,"issue":6,"keywords":{"de":["noun phrase","adjective","quantifier","determiner phrase (DP)","adjective phrase (AP)","quantifier phrase (QP)"],"en":["noun phrase","adjective","quantifier","determiner phrase (DP)","adjective phrase (AP)","quantifier phrase (QP)"],"pl":["noun phrase","adjective","quantifier","determiner phrase (DP)","adjective phrase (AP)","quantifier phrase (QP)"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This paper is a study of the status of adjectives and quantifiers in noun-phrase structures. Its aim is to revise the conception and conclusions presented by Feret (2014). First, the cognitive grammar perspective on conceptual nominal structures and functions of adjectives and quantifiers is presented and reviewed. Next, conclusions concerning positioning of an AP (adjective phrase) and QP (quantifier phrase) in the DP-structure as seen from the generative perspective presented by Feret (2014) are introduced and revised.","pl":""},"lastPage":65,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/06/04_feret.pdf","title":"Erwägungen zu Adjektiven und Quantoren in Nominalphrasenstrukturen","title_en":"Considerations on adjectives and quantifiers in noun-phrase structures","type":"article","year":2017},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Magdalena Z. Feret 87"},{"id":"4bb360e6-a0b0-5412-b8a6-ade5214dc71d","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/06/06_niekra/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Urszula","lastName":"Niekra","orcid":"0000-0002-7684-9516","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-12T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.6-6","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":104,"issue":6,"keywords":{"de":["aphasia","lexical disorders","semantics"],"en":["aphasia","lexical disorders","semantics"],"pl":["aphasia","lexical disorders","semantics"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"One of the most interesting problems concerning human speech is the complicated two-way correlation between language and the brain. Cognitive science plays a significant role in understanding patients with aphasic disorders. This shows the vital role of language in discovering the world. The article attempts to answer the question of how semantics is represented in the utterances of people with aphasia-type speech disorders after a stroke. It should be noted that lexical disorders (which concern recalling and using words) are the main symptom of all types of aphasia. Impoverished vocabulary is accompanied by limited association abilities, which in turn leads to the question of the relationship between thought and language. Aphasia can be understood as a linguistic phenomenon. The term ‘aphasia’ was introduced by a French paediatrician and neurologist, Armand Trousseau, in 1865 to describe disorders in verbal expression of thoughts. Their cause is, according to Trousseau, the damage of the cerebral cortex (cf. Panasiuk 2013: 27). Kurt Goldstein, the father of aphasiology, interprets aphasic speech disorders in terms of abstract attitude. William M. Kogan sees the cause of aphasia in the distortion of the word-object relations.","pl":""},"lastPage":112,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/06/06_niekra.pdf","title":"Ausgewählte Bemerkungen zur Struktur des mentalen Lexikons aufgrund der Untersuchungen von aphasischen Patienten","title_en":"Selected insights on structures of the mental lexicon on the basis of research on patients with aphasia","type":"article","year":2017},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Urszula Niekra 88"},{"id":"ea947ceb-92f5-5ae1-a16c-2786a35fe157","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/06/02_czerwonka-wajda/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Zuzanna","lastName":"Czerwonka-Wajda","orcid":"0000-0003-2578-1387","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-12T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.6-2","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":21,"issue":6,"keywords":{"de":["functional load","difficulty level","pronunciation","Dutch","glocalisation"],"en":["functional load","difficulty level","pronunciation","Dutch","glocalisation"],"pl":["functional load","difficulty level","pronunciation","Dutch","glocalisation"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Making a classification of sounds of a foreign language is a very important part of pronunciation classes. Such a classification is mostly based on difficulty level of sounds but it can be extended by adding other factors, like the functional load of a sound. The article tries to explore the phenomenon of functional load (what it is, how it is connected to the difficulty level, does it play a role in selected books on Dutch pronunciation etc.). Furthermore, it discusses its role in preparing a classification of (Dutch) vowels for didactical purposes, especially how a classification based on the difficulty level of sounds changes when such factor as the functional load is taken into account. Finally, the discussion focuses on implications of the research for effective pronunciation exercises in Dutch for a specific group of students which can be seen as an example of glocalisation in the didactics of pronunciation.","pl":""},"lastPage":34,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/06/02_czerwonka-wajda.pdf","title":"„Functional load“ und Schwierigkeitsgrad des Lautes als Elemente der Glokalisierung im Rahmen des Ausspracheunterrichts am Beispiel des Niederländischen","title_en":"Functional load and difficulty level of a sound as elements of glocalisation in the didactics of Dutch pronunciation","type":"article","year":2017},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Zuzanna Czerwonka-Wajda 89"},{"id":"fa64af1b-3178-5a94-8586-3cb82b2ca7c9","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/06/07_neyenhuis/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Agnieszka","lastName":"Neyenhuis","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Deutschland","en":"Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany","pl":"Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Niemcy"}}],"date":"2021-04-12T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.6-7","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":113,"issue":6,"keywords":{"de":["text structure","text organisation","linguistic texts","German-Polish comparison"],"en":["text structure","text organisation","linguistic texts","German-Polish comparison"],"pl":["text structure","text organisation","linguistic texts","German-Polish comparison"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article analyses the text structure and text organisation in Polish scientific texts written by linguists from the German-Polish perspective. Texts of the Polish linguists are examined with the focus on the macro level. In addition, the texts are searched for the meta-texts concerning the text organisation. The underlying assumption of the investigation is that Polish linguists design and organise their texts differently from German linguists.","pl":""},"lastPage":127,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/06/07_neyenhuis.pdf","title":"Textaufbau und Textorganisation in linguistischen Wissenschaftstexten. Ein deutsch-polnischer Vergleich","title_en":"Text structure and text organisation in Polish scientific texts written by linguists: A German-Polish comparison","type":"article","year":2017},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Agnieszka Neyenhuis 90"},{"id":"8b9c4d17-4b6f-5f93-b2fb-6c1d127cbe18","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/06/08_owsinski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Piotr A.","lastName":"Owsiński","orcid":"0000-0001-7862-3345","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-12T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.6-8","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":129,"issue":6,"keywords":{"de":["town council","Early New High German","charter","Cracow"],"en":["town council","Early New High German","charter","Cracow"],"pl":["town council","Early New High German","charter","Cracow"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article hereunder presents the language analysis of chosen medieval charters from 14th century taken from the “Antiquum Registrum Privilegiorum Et Statutorum Civitatis Cracoviensis” published by Stanisław Estreicher in 1936 in Cracow. The texts of the unknown scriveners were written in Early New High German in the Silesian dialect, what can be proved on the basis of legal annotations. The author introduces the results of his analysis showing the Early New High German characteristic features illustrated by appropriate examples.","pl":""},"lastPage":139,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/06/08_owsinski.pdf","title":"Frühneuhochdeutsche Neuerungen im Spiegel der Schreibung der Krakauer Stadtkanzlei","title_en":"The Early New High German characteristics in light of spelling in the town council of Cracow","type":"article","year":2017},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Piotr A. Owsiński 91"},{"id":"b9da2942-173e-5d70-a6fc-815907cdc056","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/06/10_szatmari/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Petra","lastName":"Szatmári","orcid":"0000-0003-2263-1631","affiliation":{"de":"Károli-Gáspár-Universität, Ungarn","en":"Károli-Gáspár-Universität, Hungary","pl":"Károli-Gáspár-Universität, Węgry"}}],"date":"2021-04-12T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.6-10","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":163,"issue":6,"keywords":{"de":["event nominal","light-verb constructions","scenario"],"en":["event nominal","light-verb constructions","scenario"],"pl":["event nominal","light-verb constructions","scenario"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The paper operates on the broader “light-verb construction” term as defined by Engel (1991/1992), linking it to the concept of prototyping, and interpreting it as a scalar continuum. Since those are complex predicates, there is a division of labour between two predicate elements, so as to describe the event expressed in the event nominal in the best possible way. Thus, communication lines emerge providing the scenario with new perspectives (in Abhängigkeit sein – in Abhängigkeit geraten – sich in Abhängigkeit begeben). In this process, there is much innovation potential, as new light verbs create dynamism within the existing scenarios.","pl":""},"lastPage":182,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/06/10_szatmari.pdf","title":"Sich in die Abhängigkeit begeben – zum Gefügenomen in Funktionsverbgefügen","title_en":"Sich in die Abhängigkeit begeben – about the event nominal in light-verb constructions","type":"article","year":2017},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Petra Szatmári 92"},{"id":"1ec868bc-7573-5e26-82bf-796ac04df405","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/06/09_rolek/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Bogusława","lastName":"Rolek","orcid":"0000-0002-2013-4220","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-04-12T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.6-9","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":141,"issue":6,"keywords":{"de":["modal verbs","verb ‘können’","specialised discourse","medical discourse"],"en":["modal verbs","verb ‘können’","specialised discourse","medical discourse"],"pl":["modal verbs","verb ‘können’","specialised discourse","medical discourse"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Modal verbs are language phenomena that have been in the centre of linguistic attention for years. They are characterised by grammatical, semantic and functional flexibility. Yet research on the use of modal verbs in specialised discourse is scarce. The present paper provides the results of the analysis which was devoted to the use of the modal verb ‘können’ in medical specialised discourse.","pl":""},"lastPage":162,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/06/09_rolek.pdf","title":"Zum Gebrauch des Modalverbs können im fachinternen medizinischen Diskurs","title_en":"The use of the modal verb ‘können’ in medical specialised discourse","type":"article","year":2017},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Bogusława Rolek 93"},{"id":"315bdd79-1832-587b-b8fd-de61e9e11b82","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/09/02_blachut/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Edyta","lastName":"Błachut","orcid":"0000-0001-9234-465X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.9-2","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":29,"issue":9,"keywords":{"de":["gender distinctions","gender marking suffix","gender-sensitive language","grammatical acceptability","referring to individuals","German","Polish"],"en":["gender distinctions","gender marking suffix","gender-sensitive language","grammatical acceptability","referring to individuals","German","Polish"],"pl":["gender distinctions","gender marking suffix","gender-sensitive language","grammatical acceptability","referring to individuals","German","Polish"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The change of social, political and professional gender roles has affected the way gender distinctions are expressed in language in different social groups including the scientific community. Gender distinctions can be either marked or they can be neutralized. The goal of this article is to present different ways of forming gender-sensitive expressions in Polish and German. Both German and Polish employ many linguistic devices to make gender distinctions, which can be either reflected in spelling and word-formation (e.g. using the gender marking asterisk * or gender marking suffixes) or in the linguistic system (e.g. new forms describing feminine job titles). The presented examples are discussed from various perspectives (form and content, grammatical acceptability, stylistic level, etc.).","pl":""},"lastPage":50,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/09/02_blachut.pdf","title":"Zur Bildung von Personenbezeichnungen nach den Vorstellungen von einer gendergerechten Sprache. Kritische Bemerkungen zum deutschen und zum polnischen Sprachgebrauch","title_en":"Different ways of referring to individuals in gender-sensitive language. Critical remarks on German and Polish language usage","type":"article","year":2020},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Edyta Błachut 94"},{"id":"1f494af6-9654-590e-ab56-c82bc2140556","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/09/04_gawel/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Agnieszka","lastName":"Gaweł","orcid":"0000-0002-0711-5658","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.9-4","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":73,"issue":9,"keywords":{"de":["communication about death","dysphemistic language","euphemistic language","German obituaries"],"en":["communication about death","dysphemistic language","euphemistic language","German obituaries"],"pl":["communication about death","dysphemistic language","euphemistic language","German obituaries"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The communication about death is determined by numerous social constraints, resulting from the fear of the confrontation with this inevitable experience, as well as the sacralisation of the sphere of dying in the European culture. In this paper we analyse the influence of the social convention on the language use in German obituaries. The focus of the analysis lies on the typology of designations of death, as well as various forms of neutral, euphemistic and dysphemistic notification of decease.","pl":""},"lastPage":90,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/09/04_gawel.pdf","title":"Zum neutralen, verhüllenden und dysphemistischen Sprachgebrauch in deutschsprachigen Traueranzeigen","title_en":"On the neutral, euphemistic and dysphemistic language use in German obituaries","type":"article","year":2020},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Agnieszka Gaweł 95"},{"id":"58faad15-efdb-5ede-8ad8-a606ffe0d42e","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/09/01_berezowski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Leszek","lastName":"Berezowski","orcid":"0000-0003-1895-9159","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.9-1","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":7,"issue":9,"keywords":{"de":["number","English animal zero plural"],"en":["number","English animal zero plural"],"pl":["number","English animal zero plural"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The paper explores English animal zero plurals using data culled from the BNC and argues that the rarely discussed pattern is motivated by a cognitive factor. Specifically, it is argued that the use of the zero plural mirrors the inability to individuate referents in their natural habitat, i.e. the inability to distinguish between particular individuals. In nouns designating aquatic creatures the inability is rooted in the fact that human eyesight is able to penetrate the water surface only to a very limited extent, which makes animals that live underwater and do not surface practically invisible (e.g. They caught lots of herring vs. They observed a pod of whales). In the case of land animals and birds the inability is due to the fact that some animals live in large groups, which thwarts distinguishing particular specimens (e.g. They watched a herd of wildebeest / a covey of quail vs. They spooked a couple of grizzly bears). It is further shown that the zero plural pattern is the most widespread in generic contexts (e.g. There are about 2,700 species of snake), which accords well with the explanation argued for in the paper as species are mental constructs that can be readily talked about but are invisible to the naked eye.","pl":""},"lastPage":27,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/09/01_berezowski.pdf","title":"English animal zero plurals. A new explanation","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2020},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Leszek Berezowski 96"},{"id":"94ade7c3-143b-5343-b3c8-7db255cc22ae","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/09/03_cavar/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Małgorzata E.","lastName":"Ćavar","orcid":"0000-0002-6041-5086","affiliation":{"de":"Indiana University, USA","en":"Indiana University, USA","pl":"Indiana University, Stany Zjednoczone"}},{"firstName":"Neha","lastName":"Nagaraj","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Indiana University, USA","en":"Indiana University, USA","pl":"Indiana University, Stany Zjednoczone"}},{"firstName":"Isabelle","lastName":"Amacker","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Indiana University, USA","en":"Indiana University, USA","pl":"Indiana University, Stany Zjednoczone"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.9-3","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":51,"issue":9,"keywords":{"de":["palatalization","ultrasound speech research","Advanced Tongue Root"],"en":["palatalization","ultrasound speech research","Advanced Tongue Root"],"pl":["palatalization","ultrasound speech research","Advanced Tongue Root"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The paper reports findings of a pilot 3D/4D ultrasound study on the articulation of palatalized coronal obstruents in Ukrainian, Polish and Russian. The study quantitatively evaluates the degree of palatalization looking at the relative dorsum frontings/dorsum raising/ advancement of the tongue root as variables. Apart from the fronting and raising of the tongue dorsum, palatalized consonants show a systematic effect of the advancement of the tongue root. The preliminary results indicate that the effect of the position of the dorsum is bigger in phonemic palatalization than in allophonic palatalization, while the effect size of the tongue root remains similar across palatalization types.","pl":""},"lastPage":71,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/09/03_cavar.pdf","title":"Palatalization in Ukrainian, Polish and Russian. A pilot 3D Ultrasound Study","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2020},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Małgorzata E. Ćavar 97 Neha Nagaraj 98 Isabelle Amacker 99"},{"id":"283ab13a-9d1b-5245-a848-0264ff6b2bac","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/09/05_golebiowski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Adam","lastName":"Gołębiowski","orcid":"0000-0003-2784-3705","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.9-5","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":91,"issue":9,"keywords":{"de":["nominalization","academic texts","nominal style","syntactic compression","contrastive linguistics"],"en":["nominalization","academic texts","nominal style","syntactic compression","contrastive linguistics"],"pl":["nominalization","academic texts","nominal style","syntactic compression","contrastive linguistics"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The aim of this study is to analyze and compare the use of nominalized verbs and adjectives in abstracts of  research articles in linguistics written by German- and Polish-speaking scientists. The paper begins by describing academic texts as a subject of (comparative) linguistic investigation. The next section focuses on structure and pragmatic features of abstracts as components of research articles. Subsequently the role of nominalization as one of the strategies of syntactic compression (also called syntactic condensation) and as an element of nominal style in academic texts is discussed. The next part presents the results of  qualitative analysis of the data gained from 20 German and 20 Polish abstracts of research articles in linguistics. The concluding section 6 sums up the presented study and offers some recommendations for further research.","pl":""},"lastPage":114,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/09/05_golebiowski.pdf","title":"Nominalisierung in Abstracts deutscher und polnischer sprachwissenschaftlicher Artikel","title_en":"Nominalization in abstracts of German and Polish research articles in linguistics","type":"article","year":2020},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Adam Gołębiowski 100"},{"id":"beb46562-fff7-51a5-87f9-ad6a571cb65a","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/09/09_witkos/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Jacek","lastName":"Witkoś","orcid":"0000-0001-6462-3117","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.9-9","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":173,"issue":9,"keywords":{"de":["the numeral subject","default agreement","subjecthood properties","case theory"],"en":["the numeral subject","default agreement","subjecthood properties","case theory"],"pl":["the numeral subject","default agreement","subjecthood properties","case theory"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Numeral subjects in Polish show a non-uniform agreement pattern with the verb depending on the cardinality of the numeral (paucal vs. high) and the gender of the NP. Full agreement shows with paucal numerals (<5) on non-virile NPs, while high numerals (≥5,) require default agreement (3 person, neuter, singular) on the verb. Paucal numerals combined with virile NPs may show either full agreement or default agreement, while high numerals with virile NPs show default agreement. Furthermore, high numerals combined with virile NPs show a surface morphological form of accusative/genitive, whereas high numerals combined with non-virile NPs show a surface morphological form of accusative/nominative. At the same time all the subtypes of the numeral subject share crucial syntactic properties with the standard nominative subject (e.g. coordination, anaphoric binding, control). This contribution reports on a plausible account of the morphological aspect of the overt (dis-)agreement between the numeral subject and the verb and proposes an account of an abstract syntactic relation between the numeral subject and Tense which resembles the standard procedure of nominative case marking.","pl":""},"lastPage":204,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/09/09_witkos.pdf","title":"Numeral Subjects in Polish: Surface Morphology vs. Abstract Syntax","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2020},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Jacek Witkoś 101"},{"id":"0f1a9cbc-5367-5d94-b3f5-aa774772a176","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/09/08_slowik-krogulec/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Agata","lastName":"Słowik-Krogulec","orcid":"0000-0002-5530-3880","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.9-8","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":153,"issue":9,"keywords":{"de":["motivation","Foreign Language Geragogy (FLG)","late-life foreign language learning and teaching","lifelong learning","older adults"],"en":["motivation","Foreign Language Geragogy (FLG)","late-life foreign language learning and teaching","lifelong learning","older adults"],"pl":["motivation","Foreign Language Geragogy (FLG)","late-life foreign language learning and teaching","lifelong learning","older adults"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Older adult cohorts (aged 60 and older) currently represent approximately 24% of the population of Poland. It is expected that by 2050 this proportion will increase to 40.4% of the overall population. The demographic change is also reflected in the continuing widespread popularity of various courses designed for this age group and the resulting rise of the number of Universities of the Third Age and other senior centres. However, in order to offer propitious and motivating learning environment for this age group, more research into the participants’ expectations and goals is needed. Three major findings were identified in this study: (a) older adults take up learning languages in later life in order to communicate while travelling (also with their families who live abroad); to socialise and get to know new people and cultures; to maintain intellectual abilities and to develop cognitively; (b) the instructor and other learners are key components in improving older adults’ motivation; and (c) stereotypes related to senescence and to Foreign Language Geragogy should be challenged to make classes relevant and interesting for this age group.","pl":""},"lastPage":171,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/09/08_slowik-krogulec.pdf","title":"What motivates older adult learners in Poland to study foreign languages in later life?","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2020},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Agata Słowik-Krogulec 102"},{"id":"043f6f84-4bb0-592f-a2d0-5cc5b5263b04","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/10/02_borkowska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Anna","lastName":"Borkowska","orcid":"0000-0001-5428-0974","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.10-2","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":21,"issue":10,"keywords":{"de":["foreign accent perception","stress-deafness","non-native speech"],"en":["foreign accent perception","stress-deafness","non-native speech"],"pl":["foreign accent perception","stress-deafness","non-native speech"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Polish listeners’ perception of different types of errors in non-native speech was studied with a focus on segmental and stress-placement errors. The stimuli consisted of the speech produced by Polish learners of Russian, Czech, and Spanish origins. The results which were obtained suggest that segmental errors (i.e., errors related to the pronunciation of segments) influence the foreignaccentedness perceived by Polish listeners significantly more than stress-placement errors. That is probably due to stress-deafness experienced by native speakers of Polish. While stress-placement errors resulted in relatively low scores in terms of foreignaccentedness, the ratings for segmental errors depended on the L1 group of the speakers. Segmental errors produced by speakers of Spanish were rated as the most foreign-sounding, followed by Czech and Russian. One possible explanation is that it was caused by the sound systems of Russian, Czech, and Polish being pretty similar, while the Spanish sound system is somewhat different.","pl":""},"lastPage":42,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/10/02_borkowska.pdf","title":"The influence of segmental errors and stress-placement errors on Polish listeners’ perceived degree of foreignaccentedness in non-native speech","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2021},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Anna Borkowska 103"},{"id":"7b66bb01-b1bd-54bc-b851-485c934d134f","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/10/01_awier/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Martyna","lastName":"Awier","orcid":"0000-0002-5371-8871","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.10-1","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":7,"issue":10,"keywords":{"de":["red","black","metaphor","metonymy","discourse"],"en":["red","black","metaphor","metonymy","discourse"],"pl":["red","black","metaphor","metonymy","discourse"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The paper discusses metaphorical and metonymic extensions of the adjectives czerwony ‘red’ and czarny ‘black’. The connotative potential of red and black colour collocations is analyzed and discussed. Red and black collocations were excerpted from the two largest corpora, i.e. NKJP and MoncoPL. All colour citations are analysed in the framework of discourse analysis and conceptual metaphor and metonymy. The analysis indicates that extralinguistic factors (i.e. social, political and historical events) motivate the emergence of red and black colour collocations in modern Polish discourse.","pl":""},"lastPage":20,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/10/01_awier.pdf","title":"A cognitive and corpus-based study of the connotative potential of the adjectives czerwony ‘red’ and czarny ‘black’ in modern Polish political discourse","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2021},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Martyna Awier 104"},{"id":"0e254bbf-7cb9-53a7-8394-e98ee96b4c27","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/09/06_just/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Anna","lastName":"Just","orcid":"0000-0003-3669-5038","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.9-6","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":115,"issue":9,"keywords":{"de":["Grammar Terminology","Grammar Writing","National Languages","Historical Dictionary"],"en":["Grammar Terminology","Grammar Writing","National Languages","Historical Dictionary"],"pl":["Grammar Terminology","Grammar Writing","National Languages","Historical Dictionary"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The aim of this paper is to present the online dictionary “Słownik historyczny terminów gramatycznych” that is currently being compiled by scholars from the University of Warsaw as well as to describe the research opportunities given by this dictionary. The source material for this dictionary consists of orthography books, grammar books and textbooks for learning Polish written in Polish and in other languages between the 1400s and the 1900s. Thanks to such a long time span considered not only can one observe a more than 500-year tradition of grammar writing but also the historical development of grammar terminology in the national languages. This paper describes this process on the example of the terms ortografia (orthography), etymologia (etymology), syntaxis (syntax), prozodia (prosody), frazeologia (phraseology).","pl":""},"lastPage":131,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/09/06_just.pdf","title":"Die Entwicklung der linguistischen Terminologie zwischen Standardisierung und Variation am Beispiel des digitalen historischen Wörterbuchs der grammatischen Termini","title_en":"The development of linguistic terminology between strandardization and variation: the example of the digital historical dictionary of grammatical terms","type":"article","year":2020},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Anna Just 105"},{"id":"5085cfb1-ddc2-51fe-b7c8-aefc8f6d35c4","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/10/03_gaworski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Ireneusz","lastName":"Gaworski","orcid":"0000-0002-4593-6780","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.10-3","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":43,"issue":10,"keywords":{"de":["category of grammatical case","partitive genitive","accusative","syntax","Polish-German contrastive studies"],"en":["category of grammatical case","partitive genitive","accusative","syntax","Polish-German contrastive studies"],"pl":["category of grammatical case","partitive genitive","accusative","syntax","Polish-German contrastive studies"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The topic of this paper is so-called Partitive Genitive (PG) as a verbal compliment, which is one oft the most characteristic syntactic constructions of the Polish language and of the others Slavic languages. PG is typical of spoken language and compatibel only with restricted class of perfective verbs. Different frames and a short characteristic of the subject in the Polish linguistic literature were presented. Reflections in the main part of the article are limited to a selected morphological, syntactic and semantic phenomenon of PG with perfective and imperfective verbs. The possible equivalents of Polish PG in German were also presented.","pl":""},"lastPage":69,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/10/03_gaworski.pdf","title":"Einige Bemerkungen zum partitiven Genitiv im heutigen Polnisch und zu seinen deutschsprachigen Äquivalenten","title_en":"Some Reflections on Partitive Genitive in Contemporary Polish and its Equivalents in German","type":"article","year":2021},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Ireneusz Gaworski 106"},{"id":"44b7f48d-4152-558d-9790-61e1b37c815c","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/10/04_milczarski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Wojciech","lastName":"Milczarski","orcid":"0000-0002-8215-5190","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.10-4","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":71,"issue":10,"keywords":{"de":["Polish grammatical aspect","event duration","semantics"],"en":["Polish grammatical aspect","event duration","semantics"],"pl":["Polish grammatical aspect","event duration","semantics"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Earlier research showed that the progressive aspect in Dutch extends duration estimations for short events and shortens the perception of inherently medium and long events. In the study reported here, we conducted an experiment examining whether the same effect can be observed in Polish, a language with a morphologically realised perfective vs. imperfective distinction. We confronted two views on grammatical aspect. The first one postulates that English simple past tense verbs of telic predicates introduce a silent PERF operator and that the Polish imperfective is equivalent to the English progressive. According to the second view, there is no PERF operator in simple past clauses in Dutch (and by analogy also in English), while perfective eventualities in Polish should be perceived as shorter than imperfective events which view the event from the inside without imposing any boundaries on its runtime. The results of this study show that the second view is more plausible, suggesting that languages vary in the interpretation of event duration depending on whether they have a clear grammatical aspect or whether such distinctions are less articulated.","pl":""},"lastPage":96,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/10/04_milczarski.pdf","title":"Grammatical aspect in Polish and the perception of event duration","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2021},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Wojciech Milczarski 107"},{"id":"43bf9876-7842-5b0e-8791-c5c9c84c581e","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/10/06_schoonjans/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Steven","lastName":"Schoonjans","orcid":"0000-0002-1842-8852","affiliation":{"de":"Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt & KU Leuven, Österreich","en":"Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt & KU Leuven, Austria","pl":"Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt & KU Leuven, Austria"}}],"date":"2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.10-6","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":119,"issue":10,"keywords":{"de":["IAW structures","German","French","variation","creativity"],"en":["IAW structures","German","French","variation","creativity"],"pl":["IAW structures","German","French","variation","creativity"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"German has a particularly large inventory of IAW structures, i.e. expressions such as zum Teufel ‘the devil’ and zur Hölle ‘the hell’ that are used as intensifiers in wh-questions. This is due to the fact that German maximally exploits the creative adaptation potential of IAW structures. French, on the other hand, has fewer IAW structures. However, as is shown in this paper, French has the same basic patterns according to which IAW structures are built and makes use of the same basic mechanisms for IAW modification that we also find in German, substitution and expansion. It thus seems that German simply makes more use of this adaptation potential that is also present in French. Still we also find some tendencies and restrictions in German, which also play a role in French. Two of them are discussed in more detail in this paper, viz. the preference for negatively connotated words and the role of the context and the community in which the IAW structures are used.","pl":""},"lastPage":148,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/10/06_schoonjans.pdf","title":"Mechanismen und Tendenzen der kreativen Anpassung von IAW-Strukturen im Deutschen und im Französischen","title_en":"Mechanisms and tendencies in the creative adaptation of IAW structures in German and French","type":"article","year":2021},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Steven Schoonjans 108"},{"id":"dbb2af58-da3f-5b0a-a84b-ac26ed2e00fc","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/10/07_slowik/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Agata","lastName":"Słowik-Krogulec","orcid":"0000-0002-5530-3880","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.10-7","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":149,"issue":10,"keywords":{"de":["motivation","Foreign Language Geragogy (FLG)","lifelong learning","the age factor","older adults","pre-service teachers’ beliefs"],"en":["motivation","Foreign Language Geragogy (FLG)","lifelong learning","the age factor","older adults","pre-service teachers’ beliefs"],"pl":["motivation","Foreign Language Geragogy (FLG)","lifelong learning","the age factor","older adults","pre-service teachers’ beliefs"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"As of 2021, in Poland there are hardly any University courses preparing pre-service teachers to teach groups of the age of 60 and older. However, at the same time, it is estimated that in Poland older adults represent approximately 24% of the population and it is expected to increase to 40.4% by 2050. The number of private language centres and Universities of the Third Age (U3A) offering, among other subjects, foreign language education, is also constantly growing. In order to examine the value of introducing “Foreign Language Geragogy” (FLG, i.e. teaching foreign languages to older adults) to the curriculum, a qualitative study of forty two MA students from the Institute of English Studies (University of Wrocław) was carried out. Only half of the respondents attended the elective course and MA seminar “Older adults and SLA”, but both groups completed the same open-ended questionnaire, the aim of which was to explore pre-service teachers’ subjective theories regarding older adults’ motivation to learn foreign languages in later life, and to examine the extent to which they were affected by the content of the course. The results suggest that such courses are valuable, and pre-service teachers’ opinions regarding foreign language learning and teaching to older adults should be challenged in order to offer a better quality of teaching and to promote the idea of lifelong learning.","pl":""},"lastPage":174,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/10/07_slowik.pdf","title":"Pre-service teachers’ beliefs about teaching English to older adults: The case of motivation","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2021},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Agata Słowik-Krogulec 109"},{"id":"62d352b2-afae-57a0-92fb-1ddef3ccfe59","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/10/05_rogozinska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Marta","lastName":"Rogozińska","orcid":"0000-0003-1533-1577","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.10-5","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":97,"issue":10,"keywords":{"de":["prosodic strategies","conference lectures","scientific discourse"],"en":["prosodic strategies","conference lectures","scientific discourse"],"pl":["prosodic strategies","conference lectures","scientific discourse"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"In this article, partial results of an empirical pilot study on prosodic strategies are presented in freely spoken conference presentations by German linguists. The study aims to take a closer look at the coexistence of prosodic and pragmatic phenomena in scientific discourse and to document the first observations on the speaking behavior of scientists in the field of prosody. The subject of investigation is three selected expert lectures, which were recorded as part of the GeWiss project at international conferences in Germany. The basis of the investigation is the auditory analysis carried out by the author, which is additionally supplemented by acoustic information in Praat.","pl":""},"lastPage":117,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/10/05_rogozinska.pdf","title":"Pilotstudie zu prosodischen Strategien in frei gesprochenen Konferenzvorträgen deutscher Linguisten","title_en":"Pilot study on prosodic strategies in freely spoken conference lectures by German linguists","type":"article","year":2021},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Marta Rogozińska 110"},{"id":"ef275ef5-660d-5078-8bc2-e8f852608141","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/10/08_solska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Agnieszka","lastName":"Solska","orcid":"0000-0003-2116-412X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.10-8","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":175,"issue":10,"keywords":{"de":["puns","English","Chinese","language functions","high- and lowcontext","cultures"],"en":["puns","English","Chinese","language functions","high- and lowcontext","cultures"],"pl":["puns","English","Chinese","language functions","high- and lowcontext","cultures"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Capitalizing on the universal linguistic feature of ambiguity, punning utterances can be found in languages as distinct as the Indo-European, marginally inflected English and the Sino-Tibetan, monosyllabic, inflectionless Chinese. Though forming a tiny fraction of the utterances produced in these languages, they tend to stand out and can be encountered in diverse communicative settings, including poetry and prose, jokes and comedy routines, advertising slogans and book titles. Whether perceived as “the lowest form of wit” or a lofty rhetorical device, they perform a wide range of functions which are often grounded in distinct cultural and historical backgrounds they are embedded in. The objective of this article is to identify the most striking differences in the functions served by typical English and Chinese puns and to investigate the cultural factors underlying these differences. Adopting Jakobson’s model of language functions as the organizing principle for the discussion, I examine a range of puns in the two languages, comparing and contrasting the motivations for their use.","pl":""},"lastPage":199,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/10/08_solska.pdf","title":"The functions of punning utterances in English and Chinese: a cross-cultural perspective","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2021},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Agnieszka Solska 111"},{"id":"6bc55570-be36-5e32-9f12-4b7e7a316615","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/09/07_owsinski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Piotr A.","lastName":"Owsiński","orcid":"0000-0001-7862-3345","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.9-7","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":133,"issue":9,"keywords":{"de":["Middle High German","grammaticalization","subject pronoun","article","Futur I"],"en":["Middle High German","grammaticalization","subject pronoun","article","Futur I"],"pl":["Middle High German","grammaticalization","subject pronoun","article","Futur I"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article hereunder presents the language analysis of the “Acts of the Apostles” from 14th century published by Walther Ziesemer in 1927. The text of an unknown scribe was written in Early New High German in the Silesian dialect. The aim of the paper is to analyze the grammaticalization’s grade of chosen morphological and syntactic language features. In the investigation there is scrutinized the using of the mandatory subject pronouns and of the articles, which can be seen as a result of the weakening of vowel articulation and the subsequent development of the vowels in the unstressed syllables. The third part of the paper concerns the forming of the German future tense (Futur I) and its absolute presence in the analyzed text from the middle of the 14th century without other forms with the modal or motion verbs. The author introduces the results of his analysis showing the stage of the development of the chosen morphological and syntactic phenomena with the appropriate examples.","pl":""},"lastPage":152,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/09/07_owsinski.pdf","title":"Grammatikalisierung als Glied in der Kette der Sprachwandelprozesse anhand von ausgewählten Beispielen aus der ostdeutschen „Apostelgeschichte“ aus dem 14. Jahrhundert","title_en":"Grammaticalization as a link in the chain of the language changes on the basis of the chosen examples from the Acts of the Apostles from 14th century","type":"article","year":2020},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Piotr A. Owsiński 112"},{"id":"546657cc-55e5-5c7d-aad6-aacf33eb51d0","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/10/09_sowka/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Katarzyna","lastName":"Sówka-Pietraszewska","orcid":"0000-0002-3359-738X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}},{"firstName":"Gabriela","lastName":"Grelowska","orcid":"0000-0001-8481-6944","affiliation":{"de":"Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu, Polen","en":"Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu, Poland","pl":"Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.10-9","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":201,"issue":10,"keywords":{"de":["Danelaw","mutual intelligibility","Proto-Germanic","comparative approach"],"en":["Danelaw","mutual intelligibility","Proto-Germanic","comparative approach"],"pl":["Danelaw","mutual intelligibility","Proto-Germanic","comparative approach"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The problem of intelligibility between Anglo-Saxons and Scandinavians in Danelaw has been a matter of dispute for over a century now. Two perspectives of looking at this issue have been proposed. One group of scholars claim that, due to a fair number of similarities in the lexis and grammar of the languages, the level of mutual intelligibility was high. The other party strongly objects to the view of commonalities and mutual comprehension. Instead, they argue for the idea of emerging bilingualism in Danelaw. This paper aims to adduce arguments to the claim of mutual intelligibility proposed by Townend (2002), among others. We provide an insightful etymological account of meticulously collected parallel words in the analysed languages. The search for the common ancestry of lexical roots is enhanced by the study of cultural context. Moreover, a comparative analysis of syntax, morphology, and pronunciation is also provided. The proposed complex analysis leads to the conclusion that the level of mutual intelligibility between the Old English speakers and Norsemen was high.","pl":""},"lastPage":221,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/10/09_sowka.pdf","title":"Intelligibility in the early language contact in Danelaw revisited","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2021},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Katarzyna Sówka-Pietraszewska 113 Gabriela Grelowska 114"},{"id":"5daeada7-1de5-510f-9d87-423cecb94580","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/10/10_white/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"David L.","lastName":"White","orcid":"0000-0003-3744-410X","affiliation":{"de":"University of Texas at Austin, USA","en":"University of Texas at Austin, USA","pl":"University of Texas at Austin, Stany Zjednoczone"}}],"date":"2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.10-10","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":223,"issue":10,"keywords":{"de":["Genitive case","Gothic","Iranian","Old Germanic","Sarmatian","Sarmatian influence on Gothic"],"en":["Genitive case","Gothic","Iranian","Old Germanic","Sarmatian","Sarmatian influence on Gothic"],"pl":["Genitive case","Gothic","Iranian","Old Germanic","Sarmatian","Sarmatian influence on Gothic"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Reasons are given to think that the Gothic GPL in /-ee/ (< /-ɛɛ/) developed in the M /n/-stems by analogy with GPL /-ↄↄnↄↄ/ in F /n/-stems: NSG /-ↄ/ : GPL /-ↄↄnↄↄ/ = NSG /-ɛ/ : GPL /-ɛɛnɛɛ/. This analogy was externally motivated, due to various features of Iranian causing Gothic F /-ↄↄnↄↄ/ and M /-ↄnↄↄ/ to both be rendered as /-aanaa/ in Sarmatian-accented Gothic. As levels of competence increased, /-aanaa/ was “genderized” (and “Gothicized”) by replacing gender-neutral /-aanaa-/ with F /-ↄↄnↄ/ (which spread to Pre-OHG) and M /-ɛɛnɛɛ/. Historical and lexical evidence is given indicating that Gothic culture and language were significantly influenced by their Sarmatian analogues, and additional cases where Gothic shows unusual grammatical resemblances to Iranian are adduced.","pl":""},"lastPage":247,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/10/10_white.pdf","title":"The Gothic Genitive Plural in /-ee/ Yet Again: A Sarmatian Solution","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2021},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"David L. White 115"},{"id":"4e70021d-75c0-5307-89c5-db6dd1f75c85","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/10/11_hille/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Gunnar","lastName":"Hille","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Deutschland","en":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Germany","pl":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Niemcy"}}],"date":"2021-12-01T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.10-11","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":249,"issue":10,"keywords":{"de":[],"en":[],"pl":[]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"","pl":""},"lastPage":251,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/10/11_hille.pdf","title":"Institut für die Stärkung des Polnischen in Deutschland und Europa. Vorstellung eines besonderen Arbeitsfeldes","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2021},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Gunnar Hille 116"},{"id":"5ed21971-1b34-5777-802e-6a9e2be40981","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/08/02_bak/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Paweł","lastName":"Bąk","orcid":"0000-0002-7951-6477","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.8-2","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":29,"issue":8,"keywords":{"de":["conduit metaphor","conceptualization","metaphor translation","metalanguage","meta-linguistic discourse"],"en":["conduit metaphor","conceptualization","metaphor translation","metalanguage","meta-linguistic discourse"],"pl":["conduit metaphor","conceptualization","metaphor translation","metalanguage","meta-linguistic discourse"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The topic of the article is the conduit metaphor of the metalanguage as a problem of translation. The essay is a continuation of a cycle of studies on the metaphor in meta-linguistic discourses. The Polish translation of Gerhard Helbig's work „Geschichte der neueren Sprachwissenschaft“ (‘The History of Modern Linguistics’) documents similarities in the metaphorics of the German and Polish metalanguages, which confirms the thesis about the congruence of metaphors of Western culture. Theoretical aspects will be discussed that may help in the translation of the metaphor.","pl":""},"lastPage":56,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/08/02_bak.pdf","title":"Zur Metapher der Metasprache aus translationswissenschaftlicher Sicht am Beispiel der „Geschichte der neueren Sprachwissenschaft“ von Gerhard Helbig","title_en":"On the metaphor of the Meta Language from the perspective of Translation Studies using the example of “Geschichte der neueren Sprachwissenschaft” (The History of Modern Linguistics) by Gerhard Helbig","type":"article","year":2019},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Paweł Bąk 117"},{"id":"6306b054-24e6-5fbb-a98f-004439f7dc27","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/08/03_bielinska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Monika","lastName":"Bielińska","orcid":"0000-0003-3450-113X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.8-3","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":57,"issue":8,"keywords":{"de":["lexicography","practice","theory of lexicography","linguistic theory"],"en":["lexicography","practice","theory of lexicography","linguistic theory"],"pl":["lexicography","practice","theory of lexicography","linguistic theory"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Discussions on the status and nature of lexicography have been ongoing since at least the 1960s. Some of the most frequently discussed issues concern lexicographical theory, including its very existence, which some scholars find problematic. And if it is considered to exist, questions as to what can be treated  as a lexicographic theory arise: Is it a theory of dictionary making practice? Is it a linguistic theory? Is it a separate lexicographical theory? The aim of the article is to present and comment on the divergent positions. Finally, the author draws attention to the factors that cause that the discussion on lexicographical theory is not always conducted at the appropriate scientific level.","pl":""},"lastPage":79,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/08/03_bielinska.pdf","title":"Kontroversen um die lexikographische Theorie","title_en":"Controversies about lexicographical theory","type":"article","year":2019},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Monika Bielińska 118"},{"id":"cded6fc9-ae90-50a5-af8e-06c5b8d3656a","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/08/04_cirko/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Lesław","lastName":"Cirko","orcid":"0000-0003-1203-4382","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.8-4","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":81,"issue":8,"keywords":{"de":["Academic Writing","German Studies","master theses","students’ problems"],"en":["Academic Writing","German Studies","master theses","students’ problems"],"pl":["Academic Writing","German Studies","master theses","students’ problems"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The way master theses are prepared in the Department of German Studies, University of Wrocław has changed over the last thirty years. The main objective of the present paper is to show how students’ motivation has changed. The Bologna Process seems to be an important time frame, and at the same time a reason for many negative developments observed by the author. The paper addresses also what the author considers insufficient preparation of students to participate in the academic discourse, and the lack of knowledge about the true causes of students’ problems among lectures and professors. The author suggests that the seminar “Academic Writing”, introduced recently in the Department of German Studies may be a solution to the aforementioned problems.","pl":""},"lastPage":93,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/08/04_cirko.pdf","title":"Breslauer Germanistikstudenten schreiben Magisterarbeiten: Rückblick, Jetzt-Zustand und Ausblick","title_en":"How students of the Department of German Studies in Wrocław write their master theses: retrospect, current state and perspectives","type":"article","year":2019},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Lesław Cirko 119"},{"id":"b995c8a1-ede4-57ce-9e4a-3aca606a2778","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/08/06_gaworski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Ireneusz","lastName":"Gaworski","orcid":"0000-0002-4593-6780","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.8-6","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":111,"issue":8,"keywords":{"de":["history of the German language","protestant religious literature","funeral sermon","selection of keywords"],"en":["history of the German language","protestant religious literature","funeral sermon","selection of keywords"],"pl":["history of the German language","protestant religious literature","funeral sermon","selection of keywords"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The term keyword, created in 1954 by Pierre Guiraud, is also used in contemporary linguistics to describe words that, because of their frequency of occurrence, are characteristic of a particular text, the genre of a text or the writer's style. The indication of keywords defined in this way in Protestant funeral sermons, which are one of the most representative genres of German moralizing literature of the 16th and 17th centuries, is difficult and often does not provide an answer to the question of what is referred to in a given text. Based on the analysis of a sermon written by Johannes Bugenhagen on the death of Martin Luther (1546), the paper attempts to develop criteria for the selection of keywords in this genre of texts.","pl":""},"lastPage":131,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/08/06_gaworski.pdf","title":"Wie können Schlüsselwörter in den erbaulichen Textsorten am Beispiel der protestantischen Leichenpredigten bestimmt werden","title_en":"How to define keywords in German moralising religious texts based on the example of Protestant funeral sermons","type":"article","year":2019},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Ireneusz Gaworski 120"},{"id":"cb709213-c592-5af7-b3e9-afa171295fa8","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/08/07_owsinski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Piotr A.","lastName":"Owsiński","orcid":"0000-0001-7862-3345","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.8-7","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":133,"issue":8,"keywords":{"de":["council","New High German","charter","consonant"],"en":["council","New High German","charter","consonant"],"pl":["council","New High German","charter","consonant"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article hereunder presents the language analysis of a charter from 17th century titled “Wilkierz dla wsi klasztoru Panny Marji w Kartuzach” published by Stanisław Kutrzeba and Alfons Mańkowski in 1938 in Archiwum Komisji Prawniczej, volume 11. The text of an unknown scrivener was written in New High German in the Silesian dialect, what can be proved on the basis of the way of the notation in the law. The author introduces the results of his analysis showing the stage of the development of the consonant system with the appropriate examples.","pl":""},"lastPage":145,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/08/07_owsinski.pdf","title":"Das werdende einheitliche Deutsch im Lichte der graphematischen Untersuchung des Konsonantismus in einer Dorfwillkür aus dem 17. Jahrhundert","title_en":"On the developing standard German in the light of a language analysis of the consonantism in a charter from the 17th century","type":"article","year":2019},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Piotr A. Owsiński 121"},{"id":"f11fc6f3-34f7-50eb-a9ff-cbd2fa0ef47d","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/08/05_feret/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Andrzej S.","lastName":"Feret","orcid":"0000-0002-5014-602X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.8-5","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":95,"issue":8,"keywords":{"de":["urban names","change of street designations","German influence on Polish"],"en":["urban names","change of street designations","German influence on Polish"],"pl":["urban names","change of street designations","German influence on Polish"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Street names have not only the function of a topographical-spatial orientation but they also reflect the history and are a cultural and political instrument. At the time of the National Socialist dictatorship, street names were changed in Germany. Also in the cities of Poland, in the Second World War many streets and squares were renamed. The aim of this paper is to examine and describe the change of urban names in Białystok in the years 1939-1944, when Poland was under German occupation. A strong influence of the German language is apparent in German designations and more or less successful translations of Polish hodonyms. Nevertheless, some place and street designations still show their Polish origin. The paper discusses the extent of German influence on the official language of city plans and the ways in which the Polish streets were renamed. Moreover, an attempt is being made to determine which trends can be observed in urban designations.","pl":""},"lastPage":109,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/08/05_feret.pdf","title":"Zwischen dem Plan und seiner Realisierung. Zu den Hodonymen in der Stadt Białystok im Zweiten Weltkrieg unter deutscher Besatzung","title_en":"Between plan and its realization. On hodonyms in the city of Białystok during World War II under German occupation","type":"article","year":2019},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Andrzej S. Feret 122"},{"id":"664f8724-392d-503e-8228-b881b76db909","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/08/08_rogozinska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Marta","lastName":"Rogozińska","orcid":"0000-0003-1533-1577","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.8-8","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":147,"issue":8,"keywords":{"de":["German vowel elongation","sports live commentary","acoustic analysis"],"en":["German vowel elongation","sports live commentary","acoustic analysis"],"pl":["German vowel elongation","sports live commentary","acoustic analysis"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The aim of the article is an acoustic description of German vowel elongation during live sports commentary. It is not about long vowels that are in time relation to the other segments in the lexeme, but about those that, regardless of the quantity, have an additional duration (over 0.2 seconds) in a particular communication situation. The research material consists of two sports commentaries. The first concerns Germany's victory in the quarter-finals of the 2017 IIHF World Hockey Championship; the second - the gold medal won by Gesa Krause during the women's 3000 metres steeplechase at the 2018 European Athletics Championships.","pl":""},"lastPage":165,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/08/08_rogozinska.pdf","title":"Akustische Analyse von Vokaldehnungen im sportlichen Kontext","title_en":"Acoustic analysis of vowel elongation in sports live commentary","type":"article","year":2019},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Marta Rogozińska 123"},{"id":"f4c7b01b-c709-587b-b401-bf5495efa2ab","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/11/01_bielinska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Monika","lastName":"Bielińska","orcid":"0000-0003-3450-113X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polska"}}],"date":"2022-12-28T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.11-1","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":7,"issue":11,"keywords":{"de":["suppletion","verb","lemmatic item","non-lemmatic item","dictionary"],"en":["suppletion","verb","lemmatic item","non-lemmatic item","dictionary"],"pl":["suppletion","verb","lemmatic item","non-lemmatic item","dictionary"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Suppletion is a linguistic phenomenon that is interesting from a linguistic-historical, linguistic-typological and foreign-language-didactic point of view because it concerns very frequently used lexemes. This article deals with suppletion from a lexicographical perspective. The focus is on the treatment of suppletive forms in monolingual and bilingual dictionaries of German and Polish. It examines which lemmatic and non-lemmatic items giving conjugational forms of the verbs sein and być occur in the select­ed dictionaries. The article attempts to show the connection between the treatment of the suppletive forms and the dictionary functions. It is also emphasized that a holistic analysis of suppletion in dictionaries should encompass many aspects.","pl":""},"lastPage":32,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/11/01_bielinska.pdf","title":"Suppletivismus als lexikographisches Problem (am Beispiel von allgemeinen ein- und zweisprachigen Wörterbüchern)","title_en":"Suppletion as a lexicographical problem (the study of general monolingual and bilingual dictionaries)","type":"article","year":2022},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Monika Bielińska 124"},{"id":"c28be45e-078d-5a96-9dfd-a6ac6a548d80","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/11/02_cirko/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Lesław","lastName":"Cirko","orcid":"0000-0003-1203-4382","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2022-12-28T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.11-2","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":33,"issue":11,"keywords":{"de":["Constitutions","keywords","similarities","hierarchy of content","limitations of the corpus-based method"],"en":["Constitutions","keywords","similarities","hierarchy of content","limitations of the corpus-based method"],"pl":["Constitutions","keywords","similarities","hierarchy of content","limitations of the corpus-based method"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"In the article, a hierarchy of values set in keywords is presented using the example of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany. The second objective is the practical verification of the research method using text word frequencies (tokens) and the so-called TTR (Type-Token-Ratio). Keywords are understood in their colloquial sense as conspicuous carriers of certain contents against the background of the text as a whole. Constitutions have a broad iden­tity of function and form, contain a similar message, are similarly located in the legal order as a legal act of the highest rank, are characterised by a similar content structure and exhibit a high stylistic level in the field of legal language. It is thus investigated whether the aforementioned similarities also apply to the hierarchy of content implied in keywords. The investigation confirmed that differences in the form of government (Germany as a federal state, Poland as a unitary state) do not lead to clear differences at the level of keywords. However, the analysis revealed some limitations in the application of the corpus-based method.","pl":""},"lastPage":46,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/11/02_cirko.pdf","title":"Schlüsselwörter in Grundgesetzen. Ein korpusbasierter Vergleich am Beispiel der Verfassung der Republik Polen und des Grundgesetzes für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland","title_en":"Keywords in Basic Laws. A corpus-based comparison using the example of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland and the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany","type":"article","year":2022},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Lesław Cirko 125"},{"id":"95875aa0-abad-5883-a17b-83ae4da500a7","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/08/09_rolek/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Bogusława","lastName":"Rolek","orcid":"0000-0002-2013-4220","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.8-9","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":167,"issue":8,"keywords":{"de":["modal verb forms sollte","specialised discourse","medical discourse","argumentation"],"en":["modal verb forms sollte","specialised discourse","medical discourse","argumentation"],"pl":["modal verb forms sollte","specialised discourse","medical discourse","argumentation"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Modal verbs are characterised by functional flexibility. They are language phenomena that have been in the centre of linguistic attention for years. Yet research on the use of modal verbs in specialised discourse is scarce. The present paper provides the results of the analysis which was devoted to the use of the forms „sollte“ in medical specialised discourse.","pl":""},"lastPage":188,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/08/09_rolek.pdf","title":"Zum Gebrauch der Modalverben „sollte“ im fachinternen medizinischen Diskurs","title_en":"The use of the modal verb form „sollte“ in Medical Specialised Discourse","type":"article","year":2019},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Bogusława Rolek 126"},{"id":"38ea8d45-201f-52e3-8556-cced1bdcc4c3","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/08/01_aptacy/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Jarosław","lastName":"Aptacy","orcid":"0000-0001-5431-672X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska"}}],"date":"2021-03-05T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.8-1","id":"8-1","editors":null,"firstPage":7,"issue":8,"keywords":{"de":["Movement Theory of Control","German","Subject- and Object Control","Universal Grammar"],"en":["Movement Theory of Control","German","Subject- and Object Control","Universal Grammar"],"pl":["Movement Theory of Control","German","Subject- and Object Control","Universal Grammar"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The aim of this article is to show which generative mechanisms are responsible for establishing a control relationship between syntactic structures. As a theoretical basis, the Movement Theory of Control by Hornstein was chosen because it has already been tested in numerous languages and has universal character. Its applicability was exemplified by some data of subject and object control in German. For this purpose, some derivations have been outlined. In addition, difficulties that this theory encounters were pointed out. For example, in the derivation of subject control over object, as it exists in the case of promise-verbs.","pl":""},"lastPage":28,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/08/01_aptacy.pdf","title":"Das Allgemeine im Besonderen – Mechanismen der Obligatorischen Kontrolle am Beispiel des Deutschen","title_en":"General in particular – mechanism of obligatory control on the example of German","type":"article","year":2019},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Jarosław Aptacy 127"},{"id":"1111c792-6693-57a1-a32b-24720e0f3b54","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/11/05_pozlewicz/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Agnieszka","lastName":"Poźlewicz","orcid":"0000-0002-2607-0811","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Polska"}}],"date":"2022-12-28T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.11-5","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":101,"issue":11,"keywords":{"de":["pragmatic phrasemes","routine formulas","conversational formulas","parliamentary speeches"],"en":["pragmatic phrasemes","routine formulas","conversational formulas","parliamentary speeches"],"pl":["pragmatic phrasemes","routine formulas","conversational formulas","parliamentary speeches"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The paper deals with German pragmatic phrasemes, i.e. routine and conversational formulas, used in parliamentary speeches as “texts of public debate” (Klein 2009:2115). The aim of the article is to investigate what formulas are typical of parliamentary speeches and what function they perform. Thus, the article aims to provide an insight into linguistic formulaicity manifested in this text type. The empirical basis consists of 40 parliamentary speeches made by MPs in German Bundestag. The qualitative analysis of the research material was performed using MAXQDA software.","pl":""},"lastPage":126,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/11/05_pozlewicz.pdf","title":"Sprachliche Formelhaftigkeit in parlamentarischen Abgeordnetenreden","title_en":"Formulaicity in German in parliamentary speeches","type":"article","year":2022},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Agnieszka Poźlewicz 128"},{"id":"ecb46d7f-cce4-5dbc-84b5-d1ee2374e8e4","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/11/04_pilarski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Anna","lastName":"Pilarski","orcid":"0000-0002-5245-1044","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Polska"}}],"date":"2022-12-28T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.11-4","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":73,"issue":11,"keywords":{"de":["preposition","functional category","case alternation","structural case","generative grammar"],"en":["preposition","functional category","case alternation","structural case","generative grammar"],"pl":["preposition","functional category","case alternation","structural case","generative grammar"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article is dedicated to the local preposition na ‘on’ in Polish and its German equivalents auf. The main focus of the study are case alternations associated with the use of the preposition. The locative case in Polish is regarded as a structural case. Based on the observations on verb-independent case alternations, the preposition na ‘on’ in Polish is considered as a functional category with regard to the Principles and Parameters Theory the Minimalist Program.","pl":""},"lastPage":99,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/11/04_pilarski.pdf","title":"Zu Kasusalternationen bei der Präposition na ‚auf‘ im Polnischen und ihren deutschen Entsprechungen","title_en":"On case alternations of the preposition na ‘on’ in Polish and their German equivalents ‘auf’","type":"article","year":2022},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Anna Pilarski 129"},{"id":"95895317-644e-580c-bdde-3140312fad36","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/11/03_grzeszczak/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Monika","lastName":"Grzeszczak","orcid":"0000-0002-4549-3721","affiliation":{"de":"Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Polen","en":"Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Poland","pl":"Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Polska"}}],"date":"2022-12-28T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.11-3","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":47,"issue":11,"keywords":{"de":["democracy","dictionary","survey","text","“basic features”"],"en":["democracy","dictionary","survey","text","“basic features”"],"pl":["democracy","dictionary","survey","text","“basic features”"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the understanding of the concept of democracy (Demokratie) in German by means of a cognitive definition developed and operationalized on the grounds of the analyses of the “Lublin School of Ethnolinguistics”. This type of definition is aimed at recreating the “cognitive structure” of the concept by giving all its linguistically and culturally relevant, stabilized and fixed features. Three types of sources were used as the material basis: dictionary, survey and text (including corpus), which were treated “separatively”. The synthetic cognitive definition of the Demokratie concept included features that could be focused around the following facets: [hyperonyms], [opposites], [collections], [social attributes], [political attributes], [ethical attributes], [economic attributes].","pl":""},"lastPage":71,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/11/03_grzeszczak.pdf","title":"Kognitive Definition des Demokratiekonzepts im Deutschen","title_en":"Cognitive definition of the concept of Demokratie in German","type":"article","year":2022},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Monika Grzeszczak 130"},{"id":"24f6e39e-72a5-5651-879c-30964db87cc7","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/11/08_hille/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Gunnar","lastName":"Hille","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Deutschland","en":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Germany","pl":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Niemcy"}}],"date":"2022-12-28T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.11-8","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":165,"issue":11,"keywords":{"de":[],"en":[],"pl":[]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"","pl":""},"lastPage":172,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/11/08_hille.pdf","title":"Tagungsbericht „Polnisch-Initiativen der Grenzbundesländer“ am Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch KoKoPol Sankt Marienthal, 22.-23.07.2022","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2022},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Gunnar Hille 131"},{"id":"153867f3-d30c-51ba-9da7-fc692f901124","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/11/06_sadzinski/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Roman","lastName":"Sadziński","orcid":"0000-0001-6754-3876","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Łódzki, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Łódzki, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Łódzki, Polska"}},{"firstName":"Witold","lastName":"Sadziński","orcid":"0000-0003-4999-7545","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Łódzki, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Łódzki, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Łódzki, Polska"}}],"date":"2022-12-28T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.11-6","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":127,"issue":11,"keywords":{"de":["epenthesis","compositional fugue","metalanguage","parenthesis","language register"],"en":["epenthesis","compositional fugue","metalanguage","parenthesis","language register"],"pl":["epenthesis","compositional fugue","metalanguage","parenthesis","language register"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"German composition fugues are inconspicuous and difficult to define, especially since their occurrence amounts to only about 30% of the total number of compositions. Nevertheless, a considerable number of the errors that occur are due to their incorrect use. Their linguistic status is just as bad. Mostly, contingent – possible, but not inherent – functions are mentioned: prosodic or that of signalling morpheme boundaries. In the present paper, the meta-linguistic added value of fugue oppositions is pointed out – preferably as indexing the language register contrasts between common and technical language with their relevant semantic differences.","pl":""},"lastPage":147,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/11/06_sadzinski.pdf","title":"Zum metasprachlichen Mehrwert der deutschen Kompositionsfuge","title_en":"On the meta-linguistic added value of the German composition fugue","type":"article","year":2022},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Roman Sadziński 132 Witold Sadziński 133"},{"id":"474a614a-8120-549d-90ff-851650cc7d0f","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/11/07_zysko/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Angelina","lastName":"Żyśko","orcid":"0000-0002-2441-8327","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Polska"}},{"firstName":"Marietta","lastName":"Izdebska","orcid":"0000-0002-5312-5224","affiliation":{"de":"Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Polen","en":"Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Poland","pl":"Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II, Polska"}}],"date":"2022-12-28T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.11-7","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":149,"issue":11,"keywords":{"de":["political discourse","conceptual metaphor","language of war","Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s speeches"],"en":["political discourse","conceptual metaphor","language of war","Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s speeches"],"pl":["political discourse","conceptual metaphor","language of war","Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s speeches"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The aim of the article is to survey the usage of metaphors in President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s speeches on the Russian aggression against Ukraine. To be precise, the objective of the paper is to study and present the conceptual metaphors of war present in the speeches of the leader of Ukraine from the 24th of February 2022, the day Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, up to the 24th of March, i.e. the first month of the war. The speeches available on the President of Ukraine Official Website https://www.president.gov.ua/en are analysed using the Theory of Conceptual Metaphor, as introduced by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and developed by Kövecses (2002), with reference to the role of conceptual metaphor in political discourse (Fabiszak 2007, Neshkovska and Trajkova 2020, Wen Lin Cheng 2011).","pl":""},"lastPage":164,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/11/07_zysko.pdf","title":"The language of war in the English translation of Volodymyr Zelenskyy’s speeches on the Russian war in Ukraine: a conceptual metaphor approach","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2022},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Angelina Żyśko 134 Marietta Izdebska 135"},{"id":"01878593-2114-5b3a-ab9c-1f42c0a18d6f","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/01_bielinska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Monika","lastName":"Bielińska","orcid":"0000-0003-3450-113X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polska"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-1","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":7,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":["lexicography","part of speech","article","items","german-polish dictionaries"],"en":["lexicography","part of speech","article","items","german-polish dictionaries"],"pl":["lexicography","part of speech","article","items","german-polish dictionaries"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Although the lexicographical description of individual parts of speech is often discussed in metalexicographical literature, the article is rarely given attention. This paper analyses how articles are described in selected German-Polish dictionaries. The description of articles in dictionaries for the language pair German as an article language – Polish as an article-less language requires a different approach than the lexicographical treatment of parts of speech that occur in both languages. The analysis shows that the description of the articles is very different in terms of the overall conception of the article entries, i.e. the choice of items, the number of items and their form. It also turns out that most of the dictionaries analysed failed in their article descriptions, which is disappointing not only from a metalexicographical perspective, but above all from the learner’s perspective.","pl":""},"lastPage":22,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/01_bielinska.pdf","title":"Die Wortart Artikel in allgemeinen zweisprachigen Wörterbüchern","title_en":"The part of speech article in general bilingual dictionaries","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Monika Bielińska 136"},{"id":"088c55f5-976a-5a0b-9a9a-bf10866df4ef","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/02_diouf/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Mahamadou","lastName":"Diouf","orcid":"0009-0005-1472-1284","affiliation":{"de":"Technische Universität Berlin, Deutschland","en":"Technische Universität Berlin, Germany","pl":"Technische Universität Berlin, Niemcy"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-2","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":23,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":["pronunciation","source language","DaF lessons","vowel sounds","DaF learners"],"en":["pronunciation","source language","DaF lessons","vowel sounds","DaF learners"],"pl":["pronunciation","source language","DaF lessons","vowel sounds","DaF learners"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The phenomenon of vowel length in German has been studied from a new contrastive perspective, taking Wolof as the starting language, in contrast to the method found in German textbooks in Senegal, which advocates learning only German. On many levels, the vowel systems of German and Wolof resemble each other, despite the great difference in genealogy between the two languages. These similarities are not often taken into account in the teaching of German as a foreign language in Senegal, which can sometimes be an obstacle, because the French language, often taken as a starting language, differs much more from German than Wolof in many linguistic aspects, such as the phenomenon of vowel length. On the other hand, other aspects that could handicap the teaching of vowel length are highlighted in this work to better equip both teachers and learners. These include the intrinsic relationship between vowel length and the German syllable, which does not exist in Wolof. It has also been shown that vowel length can be indicated in written German by several written characters that don’t often appear in the Wolof language.","pl":""},"lastPage":41,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/02_diouf.pdf","title":"Das Phänomen der Vokaldehnung im Deutschen und Wolof: Eine neue Perspektive in der Vermittlung der deutschen Vokale im DaF-Unterricht im Senegal","title_en":"The Phenomenon of vowel elongation in German and Wolof: a new perspective on the teaching of german vowels in GFL lessons in Senegal","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Mahamadou Diouf 137"},{"id":"12ca1c22-1ae4-50fd-acbd-3a0e25f7fdb6","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/05_karagjosova/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Elena","lastName":"Karagjosova","orcid":"0000-0003-4181-9576","affiliation":{"de":"FU Berlin, Deutschland","en":"FU Berlin, Germany","pl":"FU Berlin, Niemcy"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-5","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":99,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":["aspectual triplets","accomplishments","homogeneity","progressive aspect","aspectual shift"],"en":["aspectual triplets","accomplishments","homogeneity","progressive aspect","aspectual shift"],"pl":["aspectual triplets","accomplishments","homogeneity","progressive aspect","aspectual shift"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article argues against earlier treatments of Bulgarian secondary imperfective verbs in terms of atelicity and Viewpoint imperfectivity. Instead, it offers empirical evidence about telicity and durativity as the two core properties of this type of verbs in Bulgarian aspectual triplets. An analysis is proposed in terms of Rothstein’s (2004) aspectual classes as properties of verbal predicates that captures the way secondary imperfective verbs differ from both their bare imperfective and perfective counterparts. At the same time, the analysis captures the intrinsic semantic relationship between the triplet members and accounts for the role of the aspectual morphology in terms of aspectual operators that shift the aspectual properties of verbal stems.","pl":""},"lastPage":127,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/05_karagjosova.pdf","title":"Telicity, durativity, and secondary imperfective verbs in Bulgarian","title_en":"Telicity, durativity, and secondary imperfective verbs in Bulgarian","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Elena Karagjosova 138"},{"id":"5124693c-82e8-5c25-84a8-c793afc91f67","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/03_gawel/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Agnieszka","lastName":"Gaweł","orcid":"0000-0002-0711-5658","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-3","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":43,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":["linguistic construal","discourse central concepts","Brexit discourse","cognitive ethnolinguistics","cognitive definition"],"en":["linguistic construal","discourse central concepts","Brexit discourse","cognitive ethnolinguistics","cognitive definition"],"pl":["linguistic construal","discourse central concepts","Brexit discourse","cognitive ethnolinguistics","cognitive definition"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The cognitive linguistics bases its research on media discourse on the thesis that discourse central concepts have the status of mental objects which are construed in and experienced through discourse. In this paper, we present the application of one of the analytic tools developed within the cognitive ethnolinguistics, the cognitive definitions, in the reconstruction of the discourse central concept “Brite” („Briton“) in the Brexit discourse of the “Tageszeitung”. Relying on the assumption that a comprehensive analysis of the discourse construction of mental objects must refer to two types of categories: the discourse central conceptual domains and the linguistic correlates of the defined concept we focus our attention on the second class of categories: the synonyms, hypernyms, and antonyms of the lexical unit “Brite” („Briton“) in its diverse meaning and usage variants in Brexit discourse.","pl":""},"lastPage":69,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/03_gawel.pdf","title":"Der Brite als ein diskursiv erzeugter Gegenstand: Bedeutungsvarianten, Synonyme, Hyperonyme und Antonyme der lexikalischen Einheit „Brite“ im Brexit-Diskurs der „Tageszeitung“","title_en":"On the linguistic construal of the Briton. Meaning variants, synonyms, hypernyms, and antonyms of the lexical unit ”Briton“ in the Brexit discourse of the “Tageszeitung“","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Agnieszka Gaweł 139"},{"id":"194d184d-3028-568c-b584-952338226c38","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/08_papaja/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Katarzyna","lastName":"Papaja ","orcid":"0000-0003-2808-443X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Poland","en":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Poland"}},{"firstName":"Marzena","lastName":"Wysocka-Narewska","orcid":"0000-0003-2787-8676","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Poland","en":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Poland"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-8","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":187,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":["fossilisation","CLIL teachers","non-CLIL teachers","speaking skills","spoken discourse"],"en":["fossilisation","CLIL teachers","non-CLIL teachers","speaking skills","spoken discourse"],"pl":["fossilisation","CLIL teachers","non-CLIL teachers","speaking skills","spoken discourse"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The aim of the paper is to discuss CLIL and non-CLIL teachers’ language fossilisation in terms of speaking. Firstly, there is a brief overview of fossilisation, focusing on its definition and scope. Secondly, the spoken discourse of CLIL and non-CLIL teachers in the classroom is described. Thirdly, there is a discussion of current research and the data collected through a questionnaire conducted among CLIL and non-CLIL teachers in Poland. This shows that slight differences in terms of language repertoire have been found between CLIL and non-CLIL teachers, placing the former at the forefront due to the strategies they tend to use frequently and the language areas they do not consider to be difficult or problematic at all.","pl":""},"lastPage":205,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/08_papaja.pdf","title":"An insight into language fossilisation of the speaking skills of clil and non-clil teachers: similarities and differences","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Katarzyna Papaja  140 Marzena Wysocka-Narewska 141"},{"id":"0633de1c-a5a3-532c-8110-b91c8194cb0f","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/07_malocha/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Agnieszka","lastName":"Małocha","orcid":"0000-0002-8698-2812","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-7","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":167,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":["feminatives / feminine personal nouns","neologism","linguistic borrowing","lexicography","gender and language"],"en":["feminatives / feminine personal nouns","neologism","linguistic borrowing","lexicography","gender and language"],"pl":["feminatives / feminine personal nouns","neologism","linguistic borrowing","lexicography","gender and language"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"For more than three decades now an increase in the productivity of the feminative category has been observed in Polish-language communication practices and, consequently, an increase in the number of female personal names in Polish. The lexicographic team of the Formation of Feminine Names Research Unit, operating at the Institute of Polish Studies at the University of Wrocław since 2010, has been registering those changes and is currently working on a new edition of the “Dictionary of Polish Feminine Nouns”. Its corpus includes, among others, about 150 of the newest feminine lexemes created after 1989 and based on English roots. The article presents their lexico-semantic typology and juxtaposes it with earlier typologies of feminine names, thus showing which areas of activity of contemporary women are filled with innovative nominalizations. It also proves the compatibility with the Polish language system of the analysed hybrid feminine names, which, despite showing a varying degree of orthographic, phonetic and morphological adaptation, are generally accepted by young people, as attested to by a survey conducted among students of Polish Studies at the University of Wrocław. The discussion on internationalization of feminine forms – one of the ways of filling the semantic and lexical gaps in the naming of women – is set against the background of the political, cultural and communicative changes which have taken place in the Third Republic of Poland.","pl":""},"lastPage":186,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/07_malocha.pdf","title":"English-based feminative neologisms in post-1989 Polish","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Agnieszka Małocha 142"},{"id":"c29b9e28-4051-5dc5-96c2-9b751be0e134","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/06_kapuscinska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Anna","lastName":"Kapuścińska","orcid":"0000-0001-6316-1838","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego w Bydgoszczy, Polska"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-6","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":129,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":["emojis","social media","institutional communication","multimodality"],"en":["emojis","social media","institutional communication","multimodality"],"pl":["emojis","social media","institutional communication","multimodality"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article addresses the problem of multimodal relations between language and emojis, based on the postings on Facebook profiles of universities in Poland. It begins with a summary of the current state of research on emoticons / emojis and then proceeds to discuss their functions. The subsequent analysis is grounded on the catalogue of nine functions of emojis, distinguished by Pappert (2017): relationship design, commentary / evaluation, modalisation, framing, structuring, presentation, ludic function, economisation, and decoration. The analysis focusses on 50 postings published on the Facebook profiles of five largest Polish universities during the period from 1st  June to 7th June 2022, of which 39 contain at least one emoji. Its results indicate that the most frequent functions of emojis in such postings are structuring, commentary / evaluation and relationship design, whereas the analysed material does not provide any evidence for ludic function. Regardless of their specific functions, the mere presence of emojis in the majority of postings on university profiles may be also perceived from a broader perspective as a consequence of the compromise between the so far rather distant style of communication employed by universities and their social media presence.","pl":""},"lastPage":166,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/06_kapuscinska.pdf","title":"Multimodalität in den Relationen zwischen Sprache und Emojis auf Facebook-Profilen polnischer Universitäten","title_en":"Multimodality in the relation between language and emojis on the Facebook profiles of Polish universities","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Anna Kapuścińska 143"},{"id":"94d461d5-bc2a-556e-a94a-c4cb7eb3684d","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/09_pelka/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Daniela","lastName":"Pelka","orcid":"0000-0003-2808-443X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Opolski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Opolski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Opolski, Polska"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-9","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":207,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":["academic space","linguistic landscape","uniscape","multilingualism","language signs","discourse functions"],"en":["academic space","linguistic landscape","uniscape","multilingualism","language signs","discourse functions"],"pl":["academic space","linguistic landscape","uniscape","multilingualism","language signs","discourse functions"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The design of the texts that characterise the linguistic landscape of a university is essentially determined by the needs and expectations of the communication participants using the academic space, who today are often characterised by a relatively high degree of linguistic and cultural diversity. It is not unusual to find Polish-language texts in the linguistic landscape of a university in Poland – such as the University of Opole, which is the focus of this study – where the majority of students and employees have a Polish linguistic and cultural background. However, since the UO is located in a region with a diverse linguistic and cultural tradition and is also claimed by people of different languages and cultures as its direct users, it is also nothing unusual that this landscape also includes texts that are realised in languages other than Polish. This raises the question of what forms these texts take and what functions can be ascribed to them and – following on from this – whether a certain connection can be established between the respective languages and the discourse functions of the signs appearing in them. The answers obtained in turn form the basis for considerations on the extent to which the individual languages correlate with the history and present of the university and its current actors.","pl":""},"lastPage":243,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/09_pelka.pdf","title":"Die Linguistic Landscape einer Universität als Ort der Begegnung mit sprachlicher Diversität. Zur visuellen Mehrsprachigkeit an der Universität Oppeln/Opole","title_en":"The Linguistic Landscape of a University as a Place of Encounter with Linguistic Diversity. On Visual Multilingualism at the University of Opole","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Daniela Pelka 144"},{"id":"ef4e31aa-9b7a-565a-b39f-89874c371d17","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/10_witczak/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Krzysztof Tomasz","lastName":"Witczak","orcid":"0000-0001-8895-974X","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Łódzki, Poland","en":"Uniwersytet Łódzki, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Łódzki, Poland"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-10","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":245,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":["animals","language contacts","mammals","rodents","Saami","Uralic"],"en":["animals","language contacts","mammals","rodents","Saami","Uralic"],"pl":["animals","language contacts","mammals","rodents","Saami","Uralic"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article discusses Saami terms for “mouse” (e.g. Northern Saami “sáhpán”, Inari Saami “säplig”, Pite Saami “saahpìek”), explaining them as a common heritage of Uralic origin. It is suggested that the related words are to be found in Selkup Samoyed and Kolyma Yukaghir with the meaning “squirrel” or “flying squirrel”, as well as in Ugric. The present author explains semantic aspects of this comparison and presents similar instances attested in the Uralic languages, e.g. Khanty “aj-ʌanki” “mouse” (originally “small squirrel”). It is additionally concluded that the Proto-Finno-Ugric term for “mouse”, *šiŋirɜ, must be related to Proto-Samoyed *tə̑ rä- “squirrel”.","pl":""},"lastPage":258,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/10_witczak.pdf","title":"Mouse in Saami and Related Problems","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak 145"},{"id":"bd1a1950-1f81-59a8-8177-bb3afd9de2cb","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/12_hille/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Gunnar","lastName":"Hille","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Deutschland","en":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Germany","pl":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Niemcy"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-12","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":291,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":[],"en":[],"pl":[]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"","pl":""},"lastPage":293,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/12_hille.pdf","title":"Verstärkung der deutsch-polnischen Kooperation bei der Förderung des Polnischen in Deutschland. Bericht über die Entwicklungen nach dem Regierungswechsel in Polen","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Gunnar Hille 146"},{"id":"054969a2-e90f-5254-8597-c274cf33e25b","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/11_zheng/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Duanzhuang","lastName":"Zheng","orcid":"0009-0006-5397-3772","affiliation":{"de":"Universität Duisburg-Essen, Deutschland","en":"Universität Duisburg-Essen, Germany","pl":"Universität Duisburg-Essen, Niemcy"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-11","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":259,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":["language typology","positioning of non-sentential adverbials","information structure"],"en":["language typology","positioning of non-sentential adverbials","information structure"],"pl":["language typology","positioning of non-sentential adverbials","information structure"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The present study conducts a comparative analysis of the positioning of non-sentential adverbials in German and Chinese. Considering the specific head-position-parameter, German is regarded as a derived V/2 language with underlying SOV order, while Chinese essentially represents an SVO language. Notably, despite the relatively flexible surface positions of various adverbial classes in German, they typically occupy base positions in the middle field, resulting in a standard sequence. Similarly, in Chinese, different non-sentential adverbial classes/levels can be distinguished by a specific basic sequence. The basic sequences of adverbial classes in both languages are primarily determined by the semantic domains of the adverbials and their semantic connection with the predicate or other reference word. Furthermore, the basic sequences ensure an “unmarked” information structure in both languages, with a focus projection (wider focus) only possible with regular positioning. Context-dependent modifications of the information structure lead to deviations from basic sequences. However, significant differences exist between the two languages concerning the interactions between word order and information structure, particularly regarding topic-rheme structuring, topic-comment structuring and focusbackground structuring.","pl":""},"lastPage":289,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/11_zheng.pdf","title":"Wortstellung der nicht-sententialen Adverbialbestimmungen im Deutschen und Chinesischen","title_en":"The positioning of non-sentential adverbials in German and Chinese","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Duanzhuang Zheng 147"},{"id":"4509a2ce-96aa-5d7f-944c-6b0156fa5550","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/12/01_vinckel-roisin/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Hélène","lastName":"Vinckel-Roisin","orcid":"0000-0001-8275-6060","affiliation":{"de":"ATILF / CNRS & Université de Lorraine (UMR 7118), Frankreich","en":"ATILF / CNRS & Université de Lorraine (UMR 7118), France","pl":"ATILF / CNRS & Université de Lorraine (UMR 7118), Francja"}}],"date":"2023-12-20T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.12-1","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":7,"issue":12,"keywords":{"de":["German and Contrastive Linguistics","mono- and multilingual corpora","Lexicology and Lexicography","Pragmatics","Discourse Analysis","active learning strategies","German as a scientific language"],"en":["German and Contrastive Linguistics","mono- and multilingual corpora","Lexicology and Lexicography","Pragmatics","Discourse Analysis","active learning strategies","German as a scientific language"],"pl":["German and Contrastive Linguistics","mono- and multilingual corpora","Lexicology and Lexicography","Pragmatics","Discourse Analysis","active learning strategies","German as a scientific language"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This paper presents an overview of the activities and results of the European Network of German and Contrastive Linguistics (GerCoLiNet), which was part of the European University Alliance 4EU+ (May 2021 – June 2022). With the cooperation of five European universities (Copenhagen, Milan, Paris, Prague, Warsaw) as well as the Institute for German Language (Mannheim) as an external partner, the network put together a training programme for MA and PhD students of German language and literature at the universities involved in the project. Developed within the framework of contrastive linguistics, the programme takes into account empirical approaches to both theoretical and applied aspects with special attention paid to the fields of Corpus Linguistics, Lexicology, Lexicography, and Discourse Analysis. In keeping with the basic ideals of Flagship 2, i.e. Europeanness, data literacy and multilingualism, particular emphasis was placed on networking among students and young academics within the 4EU+ Alliance. In this paper I first discuss the role and the importance of German, the exclusive lingua franca within the project, as an identity-forming element. Then, I explain the four main phases of the project; finally, I outline some innovative teaching strategies which were used to promote and increase interaction between partners as well as between the students involved in the project.","pl":""},"lastPage":27,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/12/01_vinckel-roisin.pdf","title":"Deutsch als lingua franca: Bericht über ein forschungsbasiertes Lehrprojekt der 4EU+Allianz","title_en":"German as lingua franca: report on a research-based pedagogical project of the 4EU+ Alliance","type":"article","year":2023},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Hélène Vinckel-Roisin 148"},{"id":"9156590c-b70d-5ef3-bd21-a2330b3403d4","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/12/02_ghislandi/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Sabrina","lastName":"Ghislandi","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Università degli studi di Milano, Italien","en":"Università degli studi di Milano, Italy","pl":"Università degli studi di Milano, Włochy"}},{"firstName":"Chloé","lastName":"Rustan","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Université de Lorraine & Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Frankreich","en":"Université de Lorraine & Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, France","pl":"Université de Lorraine & Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Francja"}}],"date":"2023-12-20T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.12-2","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":29,"issue":12,"keywords":{"de":["interjection","function of language","contrastivity"],"en":["interjection","function of language","contrastivity"],"pl":["interjection","function of language","contrastivity"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This paper investigates the functions of new interjections “oops/ups”, “wtf”, and “yep” by means of a corpus-based approach. The samples for the monolingual and contrastive analyses were selected from DeReKo und Czech National Corpus. The main findings of the monolingual analysis show that examples of the emotive and phatic functions prevail in the samples and that subclasses of the emotive category as displayed in current grammars of German are sometimes inadequate as far as a more nuanced classification of interjections is desired. The contrastive analysis of the selected interjections revealed predictably similarities; nevertheless, some fine-grained differences have also been recognised.","pl":""},"lastPage":55,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/12/02_ghislandi.pdf","title":"Neue Interjektionen im Deutschen und im deutsch-französisch-italienischen Sprachvergleich. Eine deskriptive und kontrastive Korpusstudie","title_en":"New interjections in German compared to French and Italian. A descriptive and contrastive corpus-study","type":"article","year":2023},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Sabrina Ghislandi 149 Chloé Rustan 150"},{"id":"11daea3f-ca7a-579f-9c1b-7eac75013ab5","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/12/04_zajaczkowska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Karolina","lastName":"Zajączkowska","orcid":"0000-0001-6205-5865","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Warszawski, Polska"}}],"date":"2023-12-20T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.12-4","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":87,"issue":12,"keywords":{"de":["inflection","variation in inflection","weak masculine nouns","German nouns","polysemic qualities"],"en":["inflection","variation in inflection","weak masculine nouns","German nouns","polysemic qualities"],"pl":["inflection","variation in inflection","weak masculine nouns","German nouns","polysemic qualities"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The use of weak masculine nouns in German challenges the established grammatical and theoretical concepts by its variation in inflection. In this paper two typically weak nouns „Mensch“ and „Bauer“ are looked at in German Referential Corpus (DeReKo) under consideration of their polysemic qualities. The focus is on whether the meaning or the source can be considered a factor for the formal variation. Qualitative and quantitative analyses from this perspective confirm earlier approaches and provide it with more nuance. All the meanings of both nouns show variation in their inflection regardless of the source. However, more dependence is noticeable between the source and the variation than between any meaning and the variation.","pl":""},"lastPage":105,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/12/04_zajaczkowska.pdf","title":"Schwankungen bei der Flexion schwacher Maskulina im Deutschen: eine korpusgestützte Pilotstudie an der Schnittstelle zwischen Morphologie und Semantik","title_en":"Variations in the flexion of weak masculine nouns in German: a corpus-based pilot study at the interface between morphology and semantics","type":"article","year":2023},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Karolina Zajączkowska 151"},{"id":"1b594e05-44ac-5fe7-aea6-81e3d49c8be6","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/12/03_schmidt/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Birgitte Simone","lastName":"Schmidt","orcid":"0009-0000-6794-3159","affiliation":{"de":"Københavns Universitet, Dänemark","en":"Københavns Universitet, Denmark","pl":"Københavns Universitet, Dania"}},{"firstName":"Eugenio","lastName":"Verra","orcid":"0000-0003-1406-5166","affiliation":{"de":"Università degli Studi di Milano & RWTH Aachen University, Italien","en":"Università degli Studi di Milano & RWTH Aachen University, Italy","pl":"Università degli Studi di Milano & RWTH Aachen University, Włochy"}}],"date":"2023-12-20T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.12-3","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":57,"issue":12,"keywords":{"de":["migration","interlinguistic discourse analysis","equivalents","corpus linguistics"],"en":["migration","interlinguistic discourse analysis","equivalents","corpus linguistics"],"pl":["migration","interlinguistic discourse analysis","equivalents","corpus linguistics"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Migration has been a topical phenomenon for centuries, which explains why the discourse on migration has been analysed under various perspectives, including linguistic ones. The present paper intends to settle in this field, conducting an interlinguistic discourse analysis which takes into consideration the Italian, German and Danish online language. We asked ourselves what the most used terms to name people involved in migration were, how they were translated in the most important dictionaries of the considered languages, and whether we presuppose or assume the same, while using these terms in the different languages. To answer these questions, the TenTen-Family corpora available on Sketch Engine were used. After looking at the most important German words to name people who set off to move in another country and their Italian and Danish equivalents proposed by dictionaries, we decided to focus on “Einwanderer”, “Flüchtling” and “Migrant”: after a first quantitative comparison between the German, Italian and Danish equivalents based on their relative frequency, a qualitative interlinguistic analysis of their collocations and metaphors was carried out using a number of tools available on Sketch Engine, with the aim of highlighting general tendencies. The results proved that the equivalents provided by dictionaries show in fact a high degree of complexity in their use in the online discourse: not only do they not always appear in the same contexts (see collocations), but they often do not share the same metaphors. This paper paths the way for further linguistic studies in this field, but it could also prove useful for translators dealing with online language in German, Italian and Danish.","pl":""},"lastPage":86,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/12/03_schmidt.pdf","title":"„Einwanderer“, „Flüchtling“, „Migrant“: ein korpuslinguistischer interlingualer Vergleich (Deutsch, Dänisch, Italienisch)","title_en":"”Einwanderer“, ”Flüchtling“, ”Migrant“: a corpus linguistic interlingual comparison (German, Danish, Italian)","type":"article","year":2023},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Birgitte Simone Schmidt 152 Eugenio Verra 153"},{"id":"fb1abc92-e4e6-5794-bacd-75d79f7267de","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/12/05_komenda-earle/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Barbara","lastName":"Komenda-Earle","orcid":"0000-0001-6205-5865","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Polska"}}],"date":"2023-12-20T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.12-5","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":107,"issue":12,"keywords":{"de":["Construction Grammar","aspect of idioms (Aktionsart) ","synonymy","antonymy","systematic variation of idioms","pattern formation","coining"],"en":["Construction Grammar","aspect of idioms (Aktionsart) ","synonymy","antonymy","systematic variation of idioms","pattern formation","coining"],"pl":["Construction Grammar","aspect of idioms (Aktionsart) ","synonymy","antonymy","systematic variation of idioms","pattern formation","coining"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The object of the contribution is the action-type-related, synonymous and antonymous variance of the idioms of the type “in der Klemme sein”, which is thematized against the background of the traditional phraseological and construction-grammatical approaches in phraseology. The idioms are compiled in their macroparadigms and examined with regard to the formation mechanisms (construction patterns/templates) of the action type related variants, synonymous and antonymous pairs. The goal of the paper is to identify the design patterns (construction patterns, templates) present within the macro paradigms. The conceptualizations and descriptive entities of traditional phraseology underlying the paper: micro- and macroparadigms, character fields, model formations/phraseotemplates, synonymous and antonymous pairs, synonymous phraseological series appear compatible with the tools of construction grammar, in particular with the entities of construction and construction pattern and the mechanism of coining. Thanks to the consideration of the language as a whole (language system in its entirety) and the orientation towards cross-level (lexis-syntax-semantics) and at the same time systematic changes, construction grammar provides a favorable theoretical framework for the description of the paradigmatically conditioned variance of idioms.","pl":""},"lastPage":130,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/12/05_komenda-earle.pdf","title":"Musterbildung und Musterproduktivität innerhalb phraseologischer Makroparadigmen des Typs „in der Klemme sein“","title_en":"Pattern formation and pattern productivity within phraseological macroparadigms of the type „in der Klemme sein“","type":"article","year":2023},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Barbara Komenda-Earle 154"},{"id":"54c861cc-a81b-59fe-a2ad-193a92782b8f","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/12/06_lisik/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Paweł","lastName":"Lisik","orcid":"0009-0001-0483-8439","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2023-12-20T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.12-6","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":131,"issue":12,"keywords":{"de":["phonetics","phonology","General American English","Polish","contrastive study"],"en":["phonetics","phonology","General American English","Polish","contrastive study"],"pl":["phonetics","phonology","General American English","Polish","contrastive study"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Previous research on the topic of contrastive phonetics and phonology of Polish and English and studies of pronunciation errors focused only on British RP without examining General American (GA). Hence, this paper aims to describe the most problematic pronunciation errors that may be made by a Polish learner of American English as a second language, and it also evaluates the role of explicit training in phonetics received by Polish learners as well as determines whether it is possible for learners without prior phonetic training to adopt certain aspects of pronunciation from a native General American English teacher. Furthermore, this paper focuses on pronunciation errors that are caused by the linguistic contrasts. These aforementioned pronunciation errors are verified through a linguistic experiment, which relies on an analysis of parameters regarded as significantly influencing an accent (such as voicing or aspiration) present in recordings of two groups of ten participants, one consisting of learners with a prior phonetic training, and the other without any phonetic knowledge. The results of the experiment show that the most challenging aspect of GA English pronunciation for less advanced learners is the production of sounds that do not exist in the learners’ native language, whereas for the learners with prior phonetic experience the most problematic are the rules of releasing the plosives. The experiment also indicates that the role of a native speaker in the pronunciation learning process can be beneficial; however, learners require explicit corrective feedback to avoid distortion and negative transfer.","pl":""},"lastPage":151,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/12/06_lisik.pdf","title":"The Most Problematic Aspects of American Pronunciation for Polish Learners of English with and without Prior Phonetic Training","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2023},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Paweł Lisik 155"},{"id":"e5e42039-c6b7-5715-82ac-1ec0daaa96de","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/13/04_gierzynska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Marta Anna","lastName":"Gierzyńska","orcid":"0000-0002-0594-9325","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Polska"}}],"date":"2024-12-03T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.13-4","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":71,"issue":13,"keywords":{"de":["conceptual metaphor","functions of metaphor","political struggle","opposites"],"en":["conceptual metaphor","functions of metaphor","political struggle","opposites"],"pl":["conceptual metaphor","functions of metaphor","political struggle","opposites"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Language activity, and thus broadly understood linguistic communication, occurs on various levels and using diverse linguistic means. One of these tools is metaphor, the use of which helps in better visualization, and subsequently in the reception and understanding of abstract content. This statement also applies to issues within the realm of politics. This article analyzes the role of conceptual metaphor (cf. Lakoff/Johnson 1980), based on opposites (e.g., dark-light, cold-warm, strong-weak etc.), and points out its presence and significance in conceptualizing political struggle. The research material consists of articles from Polish and German online platforms, whose articles address the topic of parliamentary elections in Poland in 2023. The aim of the study is to answer the question of whether concepts expressed in the form of opposites can adequately capture the complexity of this problem. In the theoretical part of the article, we find a characteristic of conceptual metaphor and a description of its functions in press communications.","pl":""},"lastPage":98,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/13/04_gierzynska.pdf","title":"Zur Leistung der Attributsmetapher bei der Konzeptualisierung der Parlamentswahlen 2023 in Polen am Beispiel der deutschen und polnischen Online-Informationspresse","title_en":"On the power of attributive metaphor in conceptualizing parliamentary elections in Poland, based on the example of German and Polish online news media","type":"article","year":2024},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Marta Anna Gierzyńska 156"},{"id":"25026384-eb20-5311-bb98-6605b3b31ddf","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/12/09_mroz/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Anna","lastName":"Mróz","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Universität Greifswald & Geschäftsstelle der Polonia in Berlin, Deutschland","en":"Universität Greifswald & Geschäftsstelle der Polonia in Berlin, Germany","pl":"Universität Greifswald & Geschäftsstelle der Polonia in Berlin, Niemcy"}}],"date":"2023-12-20T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.12-9","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":203,"issue":12,"keywords":{"de":["digital tools","foreign language didactic","media in didactic","teacher media training","Game-Based-Learning"],"en":["digital tools","foreign language didactic","media in didactic","teacher media training","Game-Based-Learning"],"pl":["digital tools","foreign language didactic","media in didactic","teacher media training","Game-Based-Learning"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article aims to present the results of the Interreg project “DPL digital” at the Department of Slavonic Studies at the University of Greifswald and the implementation of digital tools in foreign language pedagogy on the example of Polish and Russian. The project was carried out in the seminar “Media Use in Foreign Language Teaching Didactics”. The essence of the project was to familiarize students with selected online tools that can be used in teaching foreign languages. It was conducted as part of the seminar “Use of media in foreign language teaching”, whose didactic assumption was strengthening the digital competences of future teachers through project work. Nowadays, practice-oriented media pedagogy is an integral component of teacher training and an essential prerequisite for modern teaching in schools (Bäsler 2021:431). DPL digital follows the Game-Based-Learning approach when presenting or assessing linguistic content in a playful way. Recent analyses of the use of online tools in teaching Polish as a foreign language indicate that the effectiveness of learning process in the treatment group increases by 17% (Kaźmierczak 2020:46).","pl":""},"lastPage":215,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/12/09_mroz.pdf","title":"Zwischen den Welten: Digitale Kompetenzen und Tools in der Fremdsprachendidaktik am Beispiel des Polnischen und Russischen","title_en":"Between the worlds: Digital competences and tools in foreign language didactic on the example of Polish and Russian","type":"article","year":2023},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Anna Mróz 157"},{"id":"7ae5b654-0d72-5ffc-97ed-71e4115d8f0b","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/12/07_slowik-krogulec/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Agata","lastName":"Słowik-Krogulec","orcid":"0000-0002-5530-3880","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Polska"}}],"date":"2023-12-20T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.12-7","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":157,"issue":12,"keywords":{"de":["positive psychology","foreign language geragogy (FLG)","older adults","older adult foreign language learners","lifelong learning"],"en":["positive psychology","foreign language geragogy (FLG)","older adults","older adult foreign language learners","lifelong learning"],"pl":["positive psychology","foreign language geragogy (FLG)","older adults","older adult foreign language learners","lifelong learning"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Societies are ageing and there is a growing desire in people aged 60 and more to continue their education in late adulthood. Yet, there is still a scarcity of research related to Foreign Language Geragogy and to the relationship between well-being and foreign language (FL) learning in later years. The results of recent studies show that learning another language can be not only related to maintaining, slowing down, or, to some extent, even improving the decline of cognitive functions in older age, but it might also have a positive impact on the quality of life of healthy, normally ageing older adults (Klímová et al. 2021; Pikhart/Klímová 2020). The main aim of this research, conducted at the University of the Third Age in Wrocław, was thus to evaluate the level of subjective wellbeing in a group of 31 Polish beginner and pre-intermediate level learners of English and to suggest classroom implications that might enhance positive functioning. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach: the quantitative data was presented using descriptive statistics and the qualitative data was analysed using nVivo software. A thematic analysis of the data set was done to identify patterns of meaning. The results indicate that FL courses can affect older adults’ quality of life and should, therefore, focus not only on the development of linguistic abilities, but that they also need to offer opportunities for socializing, and fostering emotional and social well-being. The teachers’ role is thus to improve third age learners’ FL skills alongside autonomy and agency, as well as to strengthen a sense of community and connectedness, and to promote positive ageing.","pl":""},"lastPage":181,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/12/07_slowik-krogulec.pdf","title":"Exploring subjective well-being of older adult foreign language learners: Results of a pilot study","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2023},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Agata Słowik-Krogulec 158"},{"id":"e9805495-5824-557f-8925-0ccdd8804000","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/12/10_hille/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Gunnar","lastName":"Hille","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Deutschland","en":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Germany","pl":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch, Niemcy"}}],"date":"2023-12-20T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.12-10","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":217,"issue":12,"keywords":{"de":[],"en":[],"pl":[]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"","pl":""},"lastPage":218,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/12/10_hille.pdf","title":"Ein Paradigmenwechsel bei Polnisch als Herkunftssprache in Deutschland. Ein Bericht","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2023},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Gunnar Hille 159"},{"id":"8397f812-1186-5efa-9b76-ca895741af37","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/03_duan/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Jiye","lastName":"Duan","orcid":"0000-0002-3948-3308","affiliation":{"de":"Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań","en":"Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań","pl":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu"}},{"firstName":"Jarosław","lastName":"Aptacy","orcid":"0000-0001-5431-672X","affiliation":{"de":"Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań","en":"Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań","pl":"Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-3","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":73,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":["spatial expression","semantics","Chinese","German","distinctive feature"],"en":["spatial expression","semantics","Chinese","German","distinctive feature"],"pl":["spatial expression","semantics","Chinese","German","distinctive feature"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The subject of this study is the Chinese spatial expression (zài x) shàng and its German equivalents. Following introductory information, the core meanings of (zài x) shàng are examined, with particular emphasis on its function as an expression of spatial relations. Subsequently, the most relevant German equivalents of (zài x) shàng are described, and an attempt is made to abstract the distinctive semantic features of each German counterpart. The following features have proven to be fundamental: contact (ger. Kontakt), connection (ger. Verbindung), adhesion (ger. Anhaftung), coverage (ger. Überdeckung), support (ger. Unterstützung), and containment (ger. Enthaltensein). Based on these findings, the results of the contrastive analysis are synthesized and presented in the form of a table.","pl":""},"lastPage":96,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/03_duan.pdf","title":"Eine kontrastive Studie zum Raumausdruck (zài x) shàng im Chinesischen und seinen deutschen Entsprechungen","title_en":"A contrastive study of the spatial expression (zài x) shàng in Chinese and its German equivalents","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Jiye Duan 160 Jarosław Aptacy 161"},{"id":"a0d97003-d999-59e9-9a39-574738ea59a8","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/02_chojnacka/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Dominika","lastName":"Chojnacka","orcid":"0009-0003-2223-602X","affiliation":{"de":"University of Groninngen","en":"University of Groninngen","pl":"University of Groninngen"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-2","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":41,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":["statistical learning","tone perception","non-tonal speakers","language acquisition"],"en":["statistical learning","tone perception","non-tonal speakers","language acquisition"],"pl":["statistical learning","tone perception","non-tonal speakers","language acquisition"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Statistical learning is a cognitive mechanism that enables humans to identify and learn patterns from sensory input. Language acquisition is one of the processes influenced by statistical learning. This study investigates whether non-native speakers can simultaneously learn different aspects of a new language, specifically focusing on tones and syllables. With the aim of investigating the learning rate of tones and syllables, 26 non-tonal speakers were exposed to Mandarin tone-syllable combinations with varying frequencies. Although the results of the statistical analysis did not show that the difference between syllable and tonal learning was statistically significant, the raw results suggest that non-tonal speakers may be unable to learn tones through statistical learning. This finding contradicts previous research in the field and highlights the need for further investigation.","pl":""},"lastPage":71,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/02_chojnacka.pdf","title":"Statistical learning of tones and syllables in non-tonal speakers","title_en":"Statistical learning of tones and syllables in non-tonal speakers","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Dominika Chojnacka 162"},{"id":"1317e1a8-6a5c-5b37-9c8f-b7284622167b","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/12/08_ziaja/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Ryszard","lastName":"Ziaja","orcid":"0000-0001-5336-7218","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Opolski, Polen","en":"Uniwersytet Opolski, Poland","pl":"Uniwersytet Opolski, Polska"}}],"date":"2023-12-20T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.12-8","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":183,"issue":12,"keywords":{"de":["minority","minority language","minority education","german minority"],"en":["minority","minority language","minority education","german minority"],"pl":["minority","minority language","minority education","german minority"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"","pl":""},"lastPage":201,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/12/08_ziaja.pdf","title":"Minderheitensprache im didaktischen Kontext am Beispiel des Deutschunterrichts in Polen","title_en":"Minority language in a didactic context using the example of German lessons in Poland","type":"article","year":2023},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Ryszard Ziaja 163"},{"id":"1a630146-46cd-517e-b5eb-b75496a3acb2","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/01_bogacki/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Jarosław","lastName":"Bogacki","orcid":"0000-0003-4425-9279","affiliation":{"de":"Uniwersytet Opolski","en":"University of Opole","pl":"Uniwersytet Opolski"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-1","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":7,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":["textlinguistics","text type","urban chronicle","Mirsk","Friedeberg am Queis","Silesia","J.G. Bergemann"],"en":["textlinguistics","text type","urban chronicle","Mirsk","Friedeberg am Queis","Silesia","J.G. Bergemann"],"pl":["textlinguistics","text type","urban chronicle","Mirsk","Friedeberg am Queis","Silesia","J.G. Bergemann"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This article presents a text-linguistic analysis of the Description and History of the Town of Friedeberg am Queis (Poland/Lower Silesia) by Johann Gottfried Bergemann, published in 1829. The chronicle is examined as a historical representative of the text type “urban chronicle” within the region of Lower Silesia and is part of a broader research project focused on the diachronic transformation of this genre. The analysis concentrates on internal features such as macrostructure, lexicon, and grammar, as well as external factors including the author’s biography and institutional influences (e.g., Prussian government regulations). The study demonstrates how the chronicle aligns with official requirements while also exhibiting individual stylistic and structural characteristics. Thus, this article contributes to the study of historical text types in the German-speaking world and offers insight into the linguistic shaping of local memory culture in the 19th century.","pl":""},"lastPage":39,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/01_bogacki.pdf","title":"Die Chronik von Friedeberg am Queis (1829) im Fokus textlinguistischer Analyse","title_en":"The Chronicle of Friedeberg am Queis (1829) in the focus of text linguistic analysis","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Jarosław Bogacki 164"},{"id":"71ad1c35-455e-5a19-8d50-001fab44314c","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/04_gierzynska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Marta Anna","lastName":"Gierzyńska","orcid":"0000-0002-0594-9325","affiliation":{"de":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn","en":"University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn","pl":"Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-4","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":97,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":["idiomatic expression","somatic expression","head","conceptual metaphor","metaphorical phrasemes"],"en":["idiomatic expression","somatic expression","head","conceptual metaphor","metaphorical phrasemes"],"pl":["idiomatic expression","somatic expression","head","conceptual metaphor","metaphorical phrasemes"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"Somatic expressions constitute a particularly interesting group of phraseological units, as they not only reflect the meaning of body parts in the mental lexicon of a given language community, but also provide insight into the perception of the human psyche and emotions. Furthermore, they reveal how the image of the body is transferred onto the conceptualization of the world. The aim of this article is to determine what properties are ascribed to the head in German somatic expressions, how the head is conceptualised within metaphor theory, and what metaphorical concepts underline the idioms analysed. Special attention is given to cognitive mechanisms that can be observed in the meaning and structure of these expressions. The analysis is based on the conceptual metaphor theory by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and draws on German phraseological dictionaries. The theoretical section of the article discusses the features of phrasemes, whose characteristics are also relevant to the structure of somatic idiomatic expressions.","pl":""},"lastPage":122,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/04_gierzynska.pdf","title":"Deutsche Somatismen mit dem Kernwort Kopf aus der Sicht der Kognitiven Metapherntheorie","title_en":"German head-related somatic expressions in the context of conceptual metaphor theory","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Marta Anna Gierzyńska 165"},{"id":"debd9338-1e37-5b7a-896f-92126044a363","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/05_jarosz/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Józef","lastName":"Jarosz","orcid":"0000-0002-7820-667X","affiliation":{"de":"University of Wrocław","en":"University of Wrocław","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-5","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":123,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":["diachronic analysis","proverb collection","multimodality","paremiography","lexicography","text-image relationship"],"en":["diachronic analysis","proverb collection","multimodality","paremiography","lexicography","text-image relationship"],"pl":["diachronic analysis","proverb collection","multimodality","paremiography","lexicography","text-image relationship"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The article analyses the use of illustrations in 34 Danish proverb collections from the period 1944-2022. The aim of the analysis is to determine the conventions and illustration strategies from a diachronic perspective. The specific aim is to examine the type of illustrations, their distribution in the macro- and microstructure of the collections, the existing text-image relationships between the illustrations and the proverbs. The results of the study confirm the thesis contained in the title of the article. In the area of formal-syntactic criteria, a tendency towards spatial integration of the two codes and spatial dominance of the illustrations was observed. The study confirms the development of illustrations in terms of their complexity. The evolution took place from the depiction of individual objects or simple situations to image sequences and collages. The study has demonstrated the change in the text-image relationship: From a loose connection of the illustrations with the content of the chapters to direct reference to the semantics of the individual proverbs and their interpretation. Furthermore, the increasing entertainment function of illustrations is noticeable, which clearly draw on the aesthetics of pop culture (picture jokes, comics, collages).","pl":""},"lastPage":154,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/05_jarosz.pdf","title":"Wandel visueller Darstellungsformen in den dänischen Sprichwörtersammlungen aus dem Zeitraum 1944-2023","title_en":"Changes in visual forms of representation in the Danish proverb collections from the period 1944-2023","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Józef Jarosz 166"},{"id":"53d4216e-176b-5885-ab6e-dd4be8c17b34","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/06_lesner/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Emil D.","lastName":"Lesner","orcid":"0000-0001-6999-1285","affiliation":{"de":"University of Szczecin","en":"University of Szczecin","pl":"Uniwersytet Szczeciński"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-6","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":155,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":["metaphor","song translation","translation techniques","contastive linguistics"],"en":["metaphor","song translation","translation techniques","contastive linguistics"],"pl":["metaphor","song translation","translation techniques","contastive linguistics"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This article discusses the problem of translating metaphorical expressions in a melodic text. In the theoretical part, the author discusses the concept of metaphor from the perspective of linguistics and translation studies, focusing, among other things, on translation techniques and strategies that can be useful in the translation process. In the analytical part, the author focuses on a qualitative analysis of the translation of metaphors in the song “Surface – pressure”, part of the Oscar-winning Walt Disney film “Encanto”. For economic reasons, sound aspects will not be included in the analysis of examples. The author focuses among others on the quality of the translation of metaphors, which, in the discussed text, constitute the aesthetic value of the work to a degree comparable to rhythm and rhyme. Thus, an extremely important issue is their adequate and good quality translation. The starting point for the analysis is the typology of metaphors by Jonathan Dunn (2015), modified and adapted to the described research corpus. Jonathan Dunn divides the analyzed linguistic units into A is B metaphors, verbal metaphors and other metaphors. This article will also highlight noun metaphors, onomatopoeic metaphors, and cultural metaphors, the translation of which can be a challenge in the translation process.","pl":""},"lastPage":180,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/06_lesner.pdf","title":"Zur Metapher in der Übersetzung. Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel des Liedes „Surface - Pressure“ im Deutschen und Polnischen","title_en":"On metaphor in translation. An investigation using the example of the song “Surface – Pressure” in German and Polish","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Emil D. Lesner 167"},{"id":"195ae4b3-74fc-5304-be66-8b52a52b87f8","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/08_marmol-fura/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Paulina","lastName":"Mormol-Fura","orcid":"0000-0001-9316-8440","affiliation":{"de":"Rzeszów University","en":"Rzeszów University","pl":"Uniwersytet Rzeszowski"}},{"firstName":"Beata","lastName":"Kopecka","orcid":"0000-0002-8930-6270","affiliation":{"de":"Rzeszów University","en":"Rzeszów University","pl":"Uniwersytet Rzeszowski"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-8","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":203,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":["conspiracy theories","multimodality","rhetoric","semiotics","intertextuality"],"en":["conspiracy theories","multimodality","rhetoric","semiotics","intertextuality"],"pl":["conspiracy theories","multimodality","rhetoric","semiotics","intertextuality"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This study explores conspiracy-themed T-shirts as multimodal artefacts that disseminate conspiratorial narratives. A corpus of 70 T-shirts sourced from Etsy is analysed addressing three research questions: the linguistic and visual characteristics of multimodal coherence, the emotional responses triggered by language and design, and the types of arguments embedded in the verbal and non-verbal elements. Relying on the multi-level model for multimodal coherence as presented by Stöckl (2019), the analysis examines how visual and textual elements on T-shirts interact to shape meanings, evoke emotions, and convey arguments. The findings highlight the perceptual dominance of the visual component in T-shirt designs, yet underscore the anchoring role of text in leading the conspiratorial line of reasoning and shaping audience interpretation. Additionally, comments are made on the role of intertextual references and typographic conventions. Above all, concentrating on the genre of T-shirts, this research contributes to broader discussions on multimodal communication, and it stresses the significance of these everyday consumer items as potent tools for commodifying misinformation and fostering distrust in institutions.","pl":""},"lastPage":230,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/08_marmol-fura.pdf","title":"Commodification of misinformation: A multimodal analysis of conspiracy-themed T-shirts","title_en":"Commodification of misinformation: A multimodal analysis of conspiracy-themed T-shirts","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Paulina Mormol-Fura 168 Beata Kopecka 169"},{"id":"c40d0727-50ba-552b-8b04-13f62ee02297","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/07_lobert/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Magdalena","lastName":"Lobert","orcid":"0009-0006-8398-1976","affiliation":{"de":"University of Warsaw","en":"University of Warsaw","pl":"Uniwersytet Warszawski"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-7","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":181,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":["translation of church songs","history of Masuria","Evangelical Church in Masuria","church songs"],"en":["translation of church songs","history of Masuria","Evangelical Church in Masuria","church songs"],"pl":["translation of church songs","history of Masuria","Evangelical Church in Masuria","church songs"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The following article is concerned with an analysis of the translation of the church song “Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott” by Martin Luther from German into Polish, which was included in the Masurian cantional. Firstly, the history of the Masurian cantional’s origins is described in detail. Secondly, the most important factors for the translation of the church song are listed: the theological contour of the text, its poetic structure, its musical texture and its reception. Briefly mentioned are the features which should be taken into account when translating church songs. Finally, on the basis of these factors, a contrastive analysis of the original text and the target text is carried out, enabling an assessment of the quality of the translation and its impact on the Masurian community.","pl":""},"lastPage":202,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/07_lobert.pdf","title":"Luthers Lied in Masuren. Eine Analyse der polnischen Übertragung von „Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott“ anhand des masurischen Gesangbuchs","title_en":"Luther’s song in Masuria. An analysis of the Polish translation of “Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott” based on the Masurian cantional","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Magdalena Lobert 170"},{"id":"dc0c53f5-49ae-53cf-9226-420bd85d6cab","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/09_rozwadowska/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Bożena","lastName":"Rozwadowska","orcid":"0000-0001-9029-6463","affiliation":{"de":"University of Wrocław","en":"University of Wrocław","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski"}},{"firstName":"Liudmyla","lastName":"Petryk","orcid":"0000-0002-4214-7831","affiliation":{"de":"Jan Długosz University","en":"Jan Długosz University","pl":"Uniwersytet Jana Długosza w Częstochowie"}},{"firstName":"Natalia","lastName":"Shlikhutka","orcid":"0000-0003-0086-4186","affiliation":{"de":"University of Wrocław","en":"University of Wrocław","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-9","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":231,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":["psych verbs","EO verbs","psych reflexive alternation","causative/anticausative alternation","Russian","Ukrainian"],"en":["psych verbs","EO verbs","psych reflexive alternation","causative/anticausative alternation","Russian","Ukrainian"],"pl":["psych verbs","EO verbs","psych reflexive alternation","causative/anticausative alternation","Russian","Ukrainian"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This paper investigates the psych reflexive alternation in Ukrainian and Russian with a focus on the EO/ES (Experiencer Object / Experiencer Subject) alternation. Building on previous cross-linguistic research, we examine whether this alternation constitutes a subtype of the causative/anticausative alternation (CAA) or represents an independent phenomenon. Drawing on data from Ukrainian and Russian, as well as comparative evidence from Greek, Romanian, Brazilian Portuguese, Serbian, and Polish, we propose a three-way classification of psych verbs based on their morphosyntactic properties. We demonstrate that these classes differ systematically in terms of case marking, argument realization, as well as their compatibility with instrumental NPs and causative prepositional phrases. The analysis reveals that while some EO/ES alternations in Ukrainian and Russian share surface similarities with CAA, their syntactic behaviour and interpretation often diverge in crucial ways. Our findings support the view that the EO/ES alternation in these languages should be treated as a distinct psych verb alternation rather than as an instance of the causative alternation.","pl":""},"lastPage":260,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/09_rozwadowska.pdf","title":"Psych reflexive alternation in Ukrainian and Russian","title_en":"Psych reflexive alternation in Ukrainian and Russian","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Bożena Rozwadowska 171 Liudmyla Petryk 172 Natalia Shlikhutka 173"},{"id":"38fa404f-9145-5e6c-a49e-098817b124c1","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/10_zarzeczny/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Grzegorz","lastName":"Zarzeczny","orcid":"0000-0002-5259-6753","affiliation":{"de":"University of Wrocław","en":"University of Wrocław","pl":"Uniwersytet Wrocławski"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-10","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":261,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":["Polish as a Foreign Language","foreign language textbook","vocabulary"],"en":["Polish as a Foreign Language","foreign language textbook","vocabulary"],"pl":["Polish as a Foreign Language","foreign language textbook","vocabulary"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"This study examines the vocabulary used in textbooks for Teaching Polish as a Foreign Language from a diachronic perspective. The analysis is based on the premise that contemporary vocabulary lists, which aim to reflect the lexicon essential for everyday communication, may serve as an indicator of the pedagogical priorities and assumptions underlying textbook design. The corpus comprises selected TPFL textbooks published in the United States and the United Kingdom over a 60-year period following World War II. For the purposes of analysis, only those segments of the textbooks explicitly intended to expose learners to the target language were included, yielding a total of 112,246 word forms. The vocabulary of each textbook was compared against the list of word families proposed by Seretny (2011). The findings are: (1) The proportion of high-frequency vocabulary in a textbook is largely dependent on its total textual volume. (2) No distinct groupings of textbooks can be identified based on the ratio of high-utility to low-utility vocabulary. (3) Three main lexical strategies can be observed: (a) extensive use of core vocabulary accompanied by a substantial amount of peripheral lexicon, (b) a limited selection from the core vocabulary, which nevertheless represents a significant proportion of the textbook’s overall lexicon, (c) a balanced approach, with moderate representation of both high- and low-frequency vocabulary.","pl":""},"lastPage":274,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/10_zarzeczny.pdf","title":"Vocabulary in selected textbooks for teaching Polish as a Foreign Language (A diachronic perspective)","title_en":"Vocabulary in selected textbooks for teaching Polish as a Foreign Language (A diachronic perspective)","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Grzegorz Zarzeczny 174"},{"id":"c9f80163-0be9-51fd-8410-a5ac95bfaa6f","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/11_zak/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Angelika","lastName":"Żak","orcid":"0009-0000-1042-2328","affiliation":{"de":"Maria Curie-Skłodowska University","en":"Maria Curie-Skłodowska University","pl":"Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie"}},{"firstName":"Angelina","lastName":"Żyśko","orcid":"0000-0002-2441-8327","affiliation":{"de":"Maria Curie-Skłodowska University","en":"Maria Curie-Skłodowska University","pl":"Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-11","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":275,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":["translation of children’s literature","translation of proper names","domestication","foreignisation","Roald Dahl"],"en":["translation of children’s literature","translation of proper names","domestication","foreignisation","Roald Dahl"],"pl":["translation of children’s literature","translation of proper names","domestication","foreignisation","Roald Dahl"]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"The aim of this article is to survey the strategies of translation of proper names in Polish renditions of Roald Dahl’s (1964) novel “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory”. We assume that names are meaningful. Therefore, we aim to decipher how much information, in literature written for children, a name can reveal about an individual’s personality, hobbies, or looks, and hence, which strategy of rendering proper names is more likely to appeal to a child reader. The book under discussion, written in English, was translated into Polish four times: by Tomasz Wyżyński in 1998 as “Karol i fabryka czekolady”, as well as by Jerzy Łoziński (2005), Magdalena Heydel (2015), and Michał Rusinek (2021). The last three translators decided to give it the title “Charlie i fabryka czekolady”. The major objective of this paper is to study two different strategies of translation, i.e. the rendition by Wyżyński (1998) and the one by Heydel (2015). To be specific, the aim is to analyse Wyżyński’s (Dahl 1998) domestication and Heydel’s (Dahl 2015) foreignisation of proper names of the five child protagonists in Polish renditions of “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory”, following Venuti’s (2001) theory of domestication and foreignisation.","pl":""},"lastPage":294,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/11_zak.pdf","title":"Who ate the chocolate: Charlie or Karol? – the case of Polish translations of proper names in Roald Dahl’s novel “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory”","title_en":"Who ate the chocolate: Charlie or Karol? – the case of Polish translations of proper names in Roald Dahl’s novel “Charlie and the Chocolate Factory”","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Angelika Żak 175 Angelina Żyśko 176"},{"id":"bc54e913-9705-5d14-b727-20b837ccb6d4","fields":{"slug":"/data/issues/14/12_hille/"},"frontmatter":{"abstracts":null,"audio":null,"authors":[{"firstName":"Gunnar","lastName":"Hille","orcid":"","affiliation":{"de":"Kompetenz- und Koordinationszentrum Polnisch","en":"Centrum Kompetencji i Koordynacji Języka Polskiego","pl":"Centrum Kompetencji i Koordynacji Języka Polskiego"}}],"date":"2025-12-08T00:00:00.000Z","doi":"10.23817/bzspr.14-12","id":null,"editors":null,"firstPage":295,"issue":14,"keywords":{"de":[],"en":[],"pl":[]},"item_abstracts":{"de":"","en":"","pl":""},"lastPage":297,"name":null,"path":null,"pdf":"/articles/14/12_hille.pdf","title":"Die Rolle der polnischen Sprache und Kultur in Deutschland gewinnt an Bedeutung. Rückblick auf die Arbeit des Kompetenz-und Koordinationszentrums Polnisch","title_en":"","type":"article","year":2025},"html":"","rawMarkdownBody":"","excerpt":"","authorDenormalized":"Gunnar Hille 177"}],"from":"/de/search-by-keyword","lang":"de","title":"Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft / Contributions to General and Comparative Linguistics","description":{"de":"Die Zeitschrift unter dem zweisprachigen Titel „Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft / Contributions to General and Comparative Linguistics“ veröffentlicht wissenschaftliche Beiträge, in denen die theoretischen Konzepte sowie Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchungen diskutiert werden, die sich unter breit aufgefasste Schwerpunkte der allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft gruppieren lassen. Das Ziel der Zeitschrift ist die Förderung des nationalen und internationalen wissenschaftlichen Meinungsaustauschs. Als Diskussionsforum für Wissenschaftler aus der ganzen Welt bringt die Zeitschrift Autoren in den wissenschaftlichen Austausch über verschiedene Forschungsthemen in zwei Sprachen: Deutsch und Englisch. Die Zeitschrift erscheint einmal im Jahr.","en":"The journal under a bilingual name „Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft / Contributions to General and Comparative Linguistics“ publishes articles that address issues broadly related to general and comparative linguistics. We intend the journal to be a place for the exchange of ideas between scholars from Poland, Europe, and the rest of the world. We invite original submissions written in German or English that make a novel contribution to the debate in empirical and theoretical linguistics. The journal is published annually.","pl":"Czasopismo pod dwujęzycznym tytułem „Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft / Contributions to General and Comparative Linguistics” drukuje oryginalne artykuły empiryczne, teoretyczne i przeglądowe oraz krótkie doniesienia z badań obejmujące problematykę z szeroko rozumianego językoznawstwa ogólnego i porównawczego. Czasopismo stanowi forum nie tylko krajowej dyskusji, ale również jest środkiem transferu zagranicznej myśli językoznawczej. Umożliwia Autorom publikowanie tekstów w dwóch językach: niemieckim i angielskim. Czasopismo ukazuje się raz w roku."},"keywords":{"de":"allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft, vergleichende Sprachwissenschaft, historische Sprachwissenschaft, Pragmatik, Semantik, Glottodidaktik, Translationswissenschaft, zweisprachige Zeitschrift","en":"General Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Historical Linguistics, Pragmatics, Semantics, Language Acquisition and Language Teaching, Studies in Translation, bilingual journal","pl":"językoznawstwo ogólne, językoznawstwo porównawcze, językoznawstwo historyczne, pragmatyka, semantyka, glottodydaktyka, translatoryka, czasopismo dwujęzyczne"},"url":"http://beitraege-contributions.pl"}}